---
title: Ascertain which of the following describes a "near miss". — When it was my fault: owning up and ma… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain which of the following describes a "near miss". Exam question 4 of lesson 5 «When it was my fault: owning up and making it right» of the reflection course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 4 · When it was my fault: owning up and making it right

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain which of the following describes a "near miss".

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** ascertain, follow, be · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 5 «When it was my fault: owning up and making it right» of the reflection course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/reflection/5-when-it-was-my-fault-owning-up-and-making-it-right/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:reflection:5-when-it-was-my-fault-owning-up-and-making-it-right:e4:1
# text = Ascertain which of the following describes a "near miss".
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
5	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	case	_	_
6	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	near	near	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	miss	miss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  |  |  | of the near miss | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An occurrence in which grave harm has certainly resulted

```conllu
# sent_id = question:reflection:5-when-it-was-my-fault-owning-up-and-making-it-right:e4:o1:1
# text = An occurrence in which grave harm has certainly resulted
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	occurrence	occurrence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
5	grave	grave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	resulted	result	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **result** | present · perfect · passive |  | a occurrence in grave harm |  |  |  | certainly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An occurrence in which harm almost, but did not, result

```conllu
# sent_id = question:reflection:5-when-it-was-my-fault-owning-up-and-making-it-right:e4:o2:1
# text = An occurrence in which harm almost, but did not, result
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	occurrence	occurrence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	harm	harm	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	result	result	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **harm** | present | a occurrence |  |  |  |  | almost *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **not** **do** | past | a occurrence | result |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An occurrence wholly incapable of causing any harm

```conllu
# sent_id = question:reflection:5-when-it-was-my-fault-owning-up-and-making-it-right:e4:o3:1
# text = An occurrence wholly incapable of causing any harm
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	occurrence	occurrence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	wholly	wholly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	incapable	incapable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	causing	cause	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | gerund | incapable *not said here* | any harm |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition harm=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An occurrence that shall inevitably recur on the next occasion

```conllu
# sent_id = question:reflection:5-when-it-was-my-fault-owning-up-and-making-it-right:e4:o4:1
# text = An occurrence that shall inevitably recur on the next occasion
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	occurrence	occurrence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
4	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	inevitably	inevitably	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	recur	recur	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl:relcl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	occasion	occasion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recur** | shall | a occurrence |  |  | the next occasion |  | inevitably *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on occasion=Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [When it was my fault: owning up and ma…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/reflection/5-when-it-was-my-fault-owning-up-and-making-it-right/e3/)
- next →: [Bitten, lost, hurt: when fear stays af…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/reflection/6-bitten-lost-hurt-when-fear-stays-after-the-danger/t1/)
- ↑ back to [When it was my fault: owning up and making it right](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/reflection/5-when-it-was-my-fault-owning-up-and-making-it-right/)