---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a sa… — Baptism, communion and confirmation · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a sacrament as understood by Christians? Exam question 1 of lesson 24 «Baptism, communion and confirmation» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each opti
---

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# Exam question 1 · Baptism, communion and confirmation

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a sacrament as understood by Christians?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, understand · **To what, where:** sacrament

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 24 «Baptism, communion and confirmation» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/24-baptism-communion-and-confirmation/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:24-baptism-communion-and-confirmation:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a sacrament as understood by Christians?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	sacrament	sacrament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	understood	understand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	advcl	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | a sacrament |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **understand** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by Christians | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A code of conduct to which all believers must subscribe without exception

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:24-baptism-communion-and-confirmation:e1:o1:1
# text = A code of conduct to which all believers must subscribe without exception
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	code	code	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	conduct	conduct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obl	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	believers	believer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	subscribe	subscribe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl:relcl	_	_
11	without	without	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	exception	exception	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **subscribe** | must | all believers |  |  |  |  | to a code of conduct; without exception | tree rules |
| 2 | **code** |  |  | conduct |  |  |  |  | nom code «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A recompense conferred upon proficiency in the catechism

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:24-baptism-communion-and-confirmation:e1:o2:1
# text = A recompense conferred upon proficiency in the catechism
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	recompense	recompense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	conferred	confer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	catechism	catechism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confer** | participle |  | a recompense *not said here* |  | the catechism |  | upon proficiency | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An outward and visible sign of an inward grace bestowed by God

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:24-baptism-communion-and-confirmation:e1:o3:1
# text = An outward and visible sign of an inward grace bestowed by God
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	outward	outward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	visible	visible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	inward	inward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	grace	grace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	bestowed	bestow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl:agent	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bestow** | participle |  | a inward grace *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sign** |  |  | a inward grace |  |  |  |  | nom sign «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A canticle sung at the conclusion of divine service

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:24-baptism-communion-and-confirmation:e1:o4:1
# text = A canticle sung at the conclusion of divine service
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	canticle	canticle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	sung	sing	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	divine	divine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	service	service	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | participle |  | a canticle *not said here* |  | the conclusion of divine service |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at conclusion=Location |
| 2 | **conclude** |  |  | divine service |  |  |  |  | nom conclusion «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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