---
title: Which of the following most accurately characterises volunteering? — Sunday school, youth groups and charity · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following most accurately characterises volunteering? Exam question 4 of lesson 27 «Sunday school, youth groups and charity» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 4 · Sunday school, youth groups and charity

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following most accurately characterises volunteering?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, volunteer

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 27 «Sunday school, youth groups and charity» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/27-sunday-school-youth-groups-and-charity/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:27-sunday-school-youth-groups-and-charity:e4:1
# text = Which of the following most accurately characterises volunteering?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
5	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	6	advmod	_	_
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
7	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	volunteering	volunteer	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | accurately *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **volunteer** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn captain-29.8 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The free bestowal of one's time in service of others

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:27-sunday-school-youth-groups-and-charity:e4:o1:1
# text = The free bestowal of one's time in service of others
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bestowal	bestowal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	one	one	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	service	service	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bestow** |  |  | one's time in service of others |  |  |  |  | nom bestowal «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 2 | **service** |  |  | others |  |  |  |  | nom service «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The performance of labour in return for wages

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:27-sunday-school-youth-groups-and-charity:e4:o2:1
# text = The performance of labour in return for wages
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	performance	performance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	labour	labour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	return	return	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	wages	wage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perform** |  |  | labour |  | return for wages |  |  | nom performance «communication transitive»: of=patient in=place |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The solicitation of assistance from others with one's own studies

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:27-sunday-school-youth-groups-and-charity:e4:o3:1
# text = The solicitation of assistance from others with one's own studies
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	solicitation	solicitation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	assistance	assistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	one	one	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	studies	study	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **solicit** |  |  | assistance from others with one |  |  |  |  | nom solicitation «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The payment of others to perform one's duties

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:27-sunday-school-youth-groups-and-charity:e4:o4:1
# text = The payment of others to perform one's duties
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	payment	payment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	perform	perform	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
7	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	duties	duty	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perform** | to-infinitive |  | one's duties |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent duty=Theme |
| 2 | **pay** |  |  | others |  |  |  |  | nom payment «possession transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Sunday school, youth groups and charity, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/27-sunday-school-youth-groups-and-charity/e3/)
- next →: [Churches of the English-speaking world I, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/28-churches-of-the-english-speaking-world-i/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Sunday school, youth groups and charity](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/27-sunday-school-youth-groups-and-charity/)