---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises Chri… — Noah and the Tower of Babel · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises Christian opinion as to the extent of the Flood? Exam question 3 of lesson 3 «Noah and the Tower of Babel» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each optio
---

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# Exam question 3 · Noah and the Tower of Babel

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises Christian opinion as to the extent of the Flood?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, extend · **To what, where:** Christian opinion, Flood

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 3 «Noah and the Tower of Babel» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/3-noah-and-the-tower-of-babel/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:3-noah-and-the-tower-of-babel:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises Christian opinion as to the extent of the Flood?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	Christian	Christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	opinion	opinion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	extent	extent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	Flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | Christian opinion |  |  |  | of the following statements; as the extent of the Flood; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **extend** |  |  | the Flood |  |  |  |  | nom extent «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is disputed, some holding it universal and others local or figurative

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:3-noah-and-the-tower-of-babel:e3:o1:1
# text = It is disputed, some holding it universal and others local or figurative
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	disputed	dispute	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	nsubj	_	_
6	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	universal	universal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	figurative	figurative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dispute** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold** | gerund | some | it |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme universal=Eventuality |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is uniformly held to be entirely fictitious and without any foundation

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:3-noah-and-the-tower-of-babel:e3:o2:1
# text = It is uniformly held to be entirely fictitious and without any foundation
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	uniformly	uniformly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
7	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	fictitious	fictitious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	without	without	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	det	_	_
12	foundation	foundation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  | uniformly *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | entirely, fictitious *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is uniformly held to have been confined to Egypt

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:3-noah-and-the-tower-of-babel:e3:o3:1
# text = It is uniformly held to have been confined to Egypt
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	uniformly	uniformly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
6	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux	_	_
7	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	confined	confine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  | uniformly *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **confine** | to-infinitive · perfect · passive |  |  | Egypt |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: to egypt=Destination |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is uniformly held to have been universal

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:3-noah-and-the-tower-of-babel:e3:o4:1
# text = It is uniformly held to have been universal
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	uniformly	uniformly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
6	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux	_	_
7	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	cop	_	_
8	universal	universal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  | uniformly *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive · perfect |  |  |  |  |  | universal *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Noah and the Tower of Babel, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/3-noah-and-the-tower-of-babel/e2/)
- next →: [Noah and the Tower of Babel, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/3-noah-and-the-tower-of-babel/e4/)
- ↑ back to [Noah and the Tower of Babel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/3-noah-and-the-tower-of-babel/)