---
title: Which is the last of the Four Noble Truths? — Buddhism, humanism and respect for eve… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which is the last of the Four Noble Truths? Test 12 · ★ of lesson 33 «Buddhism, humanism and respect for every belief» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 12 · ★ · Buddhism, humanism and respect for every belief

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which is the last of the Four Noble Truths?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **What happens:** be

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This is test 12 · ★ of lesson 33 «Buddhism, humanism and respect for every belief» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/33-buddhism-humanism-and-respect/#t12).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:33-buddhism-humanism-and-respect:t12:1
# text = Which is the last of the Four Noble Truths?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	Four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
8	Noble	Noble	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Truths	truth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | of the Four Noble Truths; last *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Craving makes people happy for ever

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:33-buddhism-humanism-and-respect:t12:o1:1
# text = Craving makes people happy for ever
1	Craving	craving	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Craving | people |  |  |  | happy *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent people=Product for ever=Asset |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
God will remove suffering at once

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:33-buddhism-humanism-and-respect:t12:o2:1
# text = God will remove suffering at once
1	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	remove	remove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	suffering	suffer	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remove** | future | God |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **suffer** | gerund | God *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Suffering will never end in this life

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:33-buddhism-humanism-and-respect:t12:o3:1
# text = Suffering will never end in this life
1	Suffering	suffering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	end	end	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **end** | future | Suffering |  |  | this life |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Eightfold Path leads to the end of suffering

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:33-buddhism-humanism-and-respect:t12:o4:1
# text = The Eightfold Path leads to the end of suffering
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Eightfold	Eightfold	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Path	Path	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	leads	lead	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	suffering	suffering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | present | the Eightfold Path |  |  |  | to the end of suffering |  | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to end=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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