---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Virtues: honesty, fairness and kindness · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the moral of Aesop's fable of the boy who cried wolf? Exam question 1 of lesson 34 «Virtues: honesty, fairness and kindness» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question
---

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# Exam question 1 · Virtues: honesty, fairness and kindness

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the moral of Aesop's fable of the boy who cried wolf?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** boy · **What happens:** follow, characteris, cry · **To what, where:** moral, wolf

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 34 «Virtues: honesty, fairness and kindness» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/34-honesty-fairness-and-kindness/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:34-honesty-fairness-and-kindness:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the moral of Aesop's fable of the boy who cried wolf?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	moral	moral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	Aesop	Aesop	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	fable	fable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
20	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the moral of Aesop's fable of the boy |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | the boy | wolf |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wolf=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Solitary labour is inadvisable for persons of tender years

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:34-honesty-fairness-and-kindness:e1:o1:1
# text = Solitary labour is inadvisable for persons of tender years
1	Solitary	solitary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	labour	labour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	inadvisable	inadvisable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	tender	tender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Solitary labour |  |  |  |  | for persons of tender years; inadvisable *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Loud exclamation invariably secures prompt assistance

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:34-honesty-fairness-and-kindness:e1:o2:1
# text = Loud exclamation invariably secures prompt assistance
1	Loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	exclamation	exclamation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	secures	secure	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	prompt	prompt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	assistance	assistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **secure** | present | Loud exclamation | prompt assistance |  |  |  | invariably *property* | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition assistance=Theme |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Habitual deceit forfeits trust, such that even truthful words are disbelieved

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:34-honesty-fairness-and-kindness:e1:o3:1
# text = Habitual deceit forfeits trust, such that even truthful words are disbelieved
1	Habitual	habitual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	deceit	deceit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	forfeits	forfeit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	trust	trust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
6	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	10	case	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	even	even	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	truthful	truthful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	disbelieved	disbelieve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	appos	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forfeit** | present | Habitual deceit | trust |  |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2-1-1 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent trust=Theme |
| 2 | **disbelieve** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  | such truthful words | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wolves constitute a greater danger than villagers commonly suppose

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:34-honesty-fairness-and-kindness:e1:o4:1
# text = Wolves constitute a greater danger than villagers commonly suppose
1	Wolves	wolf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	constitute	constitute	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	villagers	villager	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	commonly	commonly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	suppose	suppose	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | present | Wolves | a greater danger |  |  |  | than villagers | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme danger=Pivot |
| 2 | **suppose** | present | Wolves *not said here* |  |  |  |  | commonly *property* | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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