---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Virtues: courage, responsibility, righ… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the virtue of courage? Exam question 1 of lesson 35 «Virtues: courage, responsibility, rights and duties» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option
---

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# Exam question 1 · Virtues: courage, responsibility, rights and duties

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the virtue of courage?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** virtue

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 35 «Virtues: courage, responsibility, rights and duties» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/35-courage-responsibility-rights-and-duties/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:35-courage-responsibility-rights-and-duties:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the virtue of courage?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	virtue	virtue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the virtue of courage |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The undertaking of hazardous acts for admiration

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:35-courage-responsibility-rights-and-duties:e1:o1:1
# text = The undertaking of hazardous acts for admiration
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	undertaking	undertaking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	hazardous	hazardous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	acts	act	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	admiration	admiration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **undertake** |  |  | hazardous acts for admiration |  |  |  |  | nom undertaking «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The complete absence of fear in all circumstances

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:35-courage-responsibility-rights-and-duties:e1:o2:1
# text = The complete absence of fear in all circumstances
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	complete	complete	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **absent** |  |  | fear |  | all circumstances |  |  | nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient in=place |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The readiness to resort to force against others

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:35-courage-responsibility-rights-and-duties:e1:o3:1
# text = The readiness to resort to force against others
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	readiness	readiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	resort	resort	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	force	force	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	against	against	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **resort** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **force** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | against others | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The performance of right action notwithstanding the presence of fear

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:35-courage-responsibility-rights-and-duties:e1:o4:1
# text = The performance of right action notwithstanding the presence of fear
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	performance	performance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	notwithstanding	notwithstand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	presence	presence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **notwithstand** | gerund | the performance of right action *not said here* | the presence of fear |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **perform** |  |  | right action |  |  |  |  | nom performance «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ↑ back to [Virtues: courage, responsibility, rights and duties](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/35-courage-responsibility-rights-and-duties/)