---
title: Ascertain the instance wherein reasoning by rules and reasoning by c… — Three ways of thinking: rules, consequ… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the instance wherein reasoning by rules and reasoning by consequences are liable to conflict. Exam question 4 of lesson 37 «Three ways of thinking: rules, consequences, character» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the questio
---

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# Exam question 4 · Three ways of thinking: rules, consequences, character

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the instance wherein reasoning by rules and reasoning by consequences are liable to conflict.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, consequences · **What happens:** ascertain, reason, be, conflict · **To what, where:** instance

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 37 «Three ways of thinking: rules, consequences, character» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/37-rules-consequences-character/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:37-rules-consequences-character:e4:1
# text = Ascertain the instance wherein reasoning by rules and reasoning by consequences are liable to conflict.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	instance	instance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	wherein	wherein	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
5	reasoning	reason	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	consequences	consequence	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	liable	liable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	conflict	conflict	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the instance |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent instance=Topic |
| 2 | **reason** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by rules and reasoning; wherein *property* | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | consequences |  |  |  |  | liable *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **conflict** | to-infinitive | consequences *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The removal of litter from a public park

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:37-rules-consequences-character:e4:o1:1
# text = The removal of litter from a public park
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	removal	removal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	litter	litter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remove** |  |  | litter |  | a public park |  |  | nom removal «act transitive»: of=patient from=place |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The telling of a lie in order to protect another from harm

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:37-rules-consequences-character:e4:o2:1
# text = The telling of a lie in order to protect another from harm
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	telling	telling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lie	lie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | to-infinitive | the telling of a lie in order | another |  |  |  | from harm | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent another=Beneficiary from harm=Theme |
| 2 | **tell** |  |  | a lie in order |  |  |  |  | nom telling «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rendering of assistance to an injured child

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:37-rules-consequences-character:e4:o3:1
# text = The rendering of assistance to an injured child
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rendering	rendering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	assistance	assistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	injured	injured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** |  |  | assistance to a injured child |  |  |  |  | nom rendering «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The expression of gratitude for a meal provided

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:37-rules-consequences-character:e4:o4:1
# text = The expression of gratitude for a meal provided
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	expression	expression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	gratitude	gratitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
8	provided	provide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **provide** | participle | the expression of gratitude for a meal |  |  |  |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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