---
title: "everyone at school says that new kid is weird, so it must be true."… — How to argue: reasons and evidence · tree and pragmatics
description: "everyone at school says that new kid is weird, so it must be true." What is weak about this? Test 11 · ★★ of lesson 39 «How to argue: reasons and evidence» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choi
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence/t11/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Religion ethics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/) / [How to argue: reasons and evidence](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence/) / t11

# Test 11 · ★★ · How to argue: reasons and evidence

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"everyone at school says that new kid is weird, so it must be true." What is weak about this?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** everyone, new kid, kid · **What happens:** say, be · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 · ★★ of lesson 39 «How to argue: reasons and evidence» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence/#t11).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* "everyone at school says that new kid is weird, so it must be true."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence:t11:1
# text = "everyone at school says that new kid is weird, so it must be true."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	5	nsubj	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	kid	kid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	weird	weird	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	so	so	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	cop	_	_
16	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present | everyone |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | new kid |  |  |  |  | weird *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | must | kid |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is weak about this?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence:t11:2
# text = What is weak about this?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | about this; weak *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many people saying it is not evidence; you should find out yourself

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence:t11:o1:1
# text = Many people saying it is not evidence; you should find out yourself
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	saying	say	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	out	out	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Many people *not said here* | it |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | present | Many people | evidence |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **find out** | should | you | yourself |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yourself=Topic |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nothing, if everyone in the class says it then it must be true about him

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence:t11:o2:1
# text = Nothing, if everyone in the class says it then it must be true about him
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
3	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
4	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	8	nsubj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	14	advmod	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	cop	_	_
14	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	ccomp	_	_
15	about	about	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Nothing | class |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
| 2 | **is** | must | class |  |  |  | then | about him *= he*; true *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is weak only because the word weird is too long to say

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence:t11:o3:1
# text = It is weak only because the word weird is too long to say
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
8	weird	weird	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	too	too	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | weak *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the word |  |  |  |  | long *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | the word *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is weak because only teachers are allowed to judge kids

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence:t11:o4:1
# text = It is weak because only teachers are allowed to judge kids
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	teachers	teacher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	allowed	allow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	judge	judge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	kids	kid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | weak *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **allow** | present · passive |  | teachers |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **judge** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | teachers *not said here* | kids |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent kid=Value |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [How to argue: reasons and evidence, test 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence/t10/)
- next →: [How to argue: reasons and evidence, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence/t12/)
- ↑ back to [How to argue: reasons and evidence](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence/)