---
title: Leah, who is Jewish, says: "We should give to the food bank because… — How to argue: reasons and evidence · tree and pragmatics
description: Leah, who is Jewish, says: "We should give to the food bank because hungry families are harmed when there is no food." What kind of reason is this? Test 3 · ★★ of lesson 39 «How to argue: reasons and evidence» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragm
---

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# Test 3 · ★★ · How to argue: reasons and evidence

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leah, who is Jewish, says: "We should give to the food bank because hungry families are harmed when there is no food." What kind of reason is this?

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**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Leah, We, this · **What happens:** be, say, give, harm · **To what, where:** food bank, hungry families, kind · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 39 «How to argue: reasons and evidence» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence/#t3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Leah, who is Jewish, says: "We should give to the food bank because hungry families are harmed when there is no food."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence:t3:1
# text = Leah, who is Jewish, says: "We should give to the food bank because hungry families are harmed when there is no food."
1	Leah	Leah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	Jewish	Jewish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
7	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
17	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
18	hungry	hungry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	harmed	harm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	advcl	_	_
22	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	24	advmod	_	_
23	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	24	expl	_	_
24	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
25	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	26	det	_	_
26	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Leah |  |  |  |  | jewish *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Leah |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **give** *in a quote* | should | We |  | the food bank |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to bank=Recipient |
| 4 | **harm** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | hungry families |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What kind of reason is this?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence:t3:2
# text = What kind of reason is this?
1	What	what	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	cop	_	_
6	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | this | what kind |  |  |  | of reason | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A weak "I want to" reason

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence:t3:o1:1
# text = A weak "I want to" reason
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	want	want	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	TO	_	8	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** *in a quote* | present | I |  |  |  |  | to reason | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent to reason=Attribute |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not a reason, just a claim

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence:t3:o2:1
# text = Not a reason, just a claim
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	just	just	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	claim	claim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A strong reason: harm

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence:t3:o3:1
# text = A strong reason: harm
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
5	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A weak "everyone does it" reason

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence:t3:o4:1
# text = A weak "everyone does it" reason
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	5	nsubj	_	_
5	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** *in a quote* | present | everyone | it |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [How to argue: reasons and evidence, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence/t2/)
- next →: [How to argue: reasons and evidence, test 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence/t4/)
- ↑ back to [How to argue: reasons and evidence](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence/)