---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Finders keepers and what belongs to whom · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the ownership of an item that has been lost? Exam question 1 of lesson 42 «Finders keepers and what belongs to whom» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of 
---

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# Exam question 1 · Finders keepers and what belongs to whom

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the ownership of an item that has been lost?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, lose · **To what, where:** ownership, item

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 42 «Finders keepers and what belongs to whom» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/42-finders-keepers-and-what-belongs-to-whom/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:42-finders-keepers-and-what-belongs-to-whom:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the ownership of an item that has been lost?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	ownership	ownership	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	item	item	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the ownership of a item |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **lose** | present · perfect · passive |  | a item |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ownership remains vested in the original owner notwithstanding its discovery by another

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:42-finders-keepers-and-what-belongs-to-whom:e1:o1:1
# text = Ownership remains vested in the original owner notwithstanding its discovery by another
1	Ownership	ownership	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	remains	remain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	vested	vested	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	original	original	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	owner	owner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	notwithstanding	notwithstand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	discovery	discovery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | present | Ownership |  |  | the original owner |  | vested *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in owner=Location |
| 2 | **notwithstand** | gerund | the original owner *not said here* | Ownership's discovery |  |  |  | by another | tree rules |
| 3 | **discover** |  | Ownership |  |  |  |  |  | nom discovery «act transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ownership passes to the state immediately upon loss

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:42-finders-keepers-and-what-belongs-to-whom:e1:o2:1
# text = Ownership passes to the state immediately upon loss
1	Ownership	ownership	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	passes	pass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	immediately	immediately	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | present | Ownership |  |  | loss |  | to the state; immediately *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon loss=Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ownership passes automatically to whosoever first discovers the item

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:42-finders-keepers-and-what-belongs-to-whom:e1:o3:1
# text = Ownership passes automatically to whosoever first discovers the item
1	Ownership	ownership	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	passes	pass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	automatically	automatically	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	whosoever	whosoever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	obj	_	_
6	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	7	advmod	_	_
7	discovers	discover	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	item	item	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | present | Ownership |  |  |  |  | automatically *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **discover** | present | Ownership *not said here* | whosoever |  |  |  | first *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ownership is extinguished entirely upon the item being mislaid

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:42-finders-keepers-and-what-belongs-to-whom:e1:o4:1
# text = Ownership is extinguished entirely upon the item being mislaid
1	Ownership	ownership	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	extinguished	extinguish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	item	item	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	mislaid	mislay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **extinguish** | present · passive |  | Ownership |  |  |  | upon the item; entirely *property* | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **mislay** | gerund · passive |  | the item *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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