---
title: Identify the principal reason for which borrowing without permission… — Finders keepers and what belongs to whom · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which borrowing without permission is regarded as morally deficient, notwithstanding the return of the item. Exam question 3 of lesson 42 «Finders keepers and what belongs to whom» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and 
---

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# Exam question 3 · Finders keepers and what belongs to whom

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which borrowing without permission is regarded as morally deficient, notwithstanding the return of the item.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, item · **What happens:** identify, regard, notwithstand, return · **To what, where:** principal reason, permission, return

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 42 «Finders keepers and what belongs to whom» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/42-finders-keepers-and-what-belongs-to-whom/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:42-finders-keepers-and-what-belongs-to-whom:e3:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which borrowing without permission is regarded as morally deficient, notwithstanding the return of the item.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	7	det	_	_
7	borrowing	borrowing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	regarded	regard	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	advcl	_	_
12	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	morally	morally	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	deficient	deficient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	notwithstanding	notwithstand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	return	return	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	item	item	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  | for which borrowing | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **regard** | present · passive |  | permission |  |  |  | deficient *property* | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **notwithstand** | gerund |  | the return of the item |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **return** |  | the item |  |  |  |  |  | nom return «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It invariably results in damage to the item concerned

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:42-finders-keepers-and-what-belongs-to-whom:e3:o1:1
# text = It invariably results in damage to the item concerned
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	results	result	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	damage	damage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	item	item	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	concerned	concerned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is permissible solely where the owner is a minor

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:42-finders-keepers-and-what-belongs-to-whom:e3:o2:1
# text = It is permissible solely where the owner is a minor
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	permissible	permissible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	10	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	owner	owner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	minor	minor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | permissible, solely *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the owner | a minor |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It constitutes no wrong whatsoever provided the item is returned

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:42-finders-keepers-and-what-belongs-to-whom:e3:o3:1
# text = It constitutes no wrong whatsoever provided the item is returned
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	whatsoever	whatsoever	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	provided	provide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	item	item	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	returned	return	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | present | It |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **provide** | past | whatsoever |  |  |  |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition clause=Theme |
| 3 | **return** | present · passive |  | the item |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It deprives the owner of the right to grant or refuse consent

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:42-finders-keepers-and-what-belongs-to-whom:e3:o4:1
# text = It deprives the owner of the right to grant or refuse consent
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	deprives	deprive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	owner	owner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	grant	grant	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	refuse	refuse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
12	consent	consent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deprive** | present | It | the owner of the right |  |  |  |  | vn deprive-10.6.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent owner=Source |
| 2 | **grant** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **refuse** | infinitive |  | consent |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent consent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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