---
title: Which of the following most accurately characterises the practice te… — Cheating, rules and games · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following most accurately characterises the practice termed "doping" in competitive sport? Exam question 1 of lesson 44 «Cheating, rules and games» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's 
---

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# Exam question 1 · Cheating, rules and games

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following most accurately characterises the practice termed "doping" in competitive sport?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** practice · **What happens:** follow, characteris, term · **To what, where:** doping, competitive sport

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 44 «Cheating, rules and games» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/44-cheating-rules-and-games/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:44-cheating-rules-and-games:e1:1
# text = Which of the following most accurately characterises the practice termed "doping" in competitive sport?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	6	advmod	_	_
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	termed	term	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	doping	doping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	competitive	competitive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  |  |  |  |  | accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **term** | past | the practice | doping |  | competitive sport |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent doping=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The provision of water to athletes during the course of a competition

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:44-cheating-rules-and-games:e1:o1:1
# text = The provision of water to athletes during the course of a competition
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	provision	provision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	athletes	athlete	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
7	during	during	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	competition	competition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **provide** |  | water |  |  |  |  | to athletes during the course of a competition | nom provision «communication intransitive»: of=agent to=obl |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ingestion by athletes of prohibited substances with a view to enhancing performance

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:44-cheating-rules-and-games:e1:o2:1
# text = The ingestion by athletes of prohibited substances with a view to enhancing performance
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ingestion	ingestion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	athletes	athlete	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	prohibited	prohibit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	substances	substance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	view	view	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	to	to	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	enhancing	enhance	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
13	performance	performance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prohibit** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Causer |
| 2 | **enhance** | gerund |  | performance |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent performance=Patient |
| 3 | **ingest** |  | athletes of prohibited substances with a view |  |  |  |  |  | nom ingestion «act transitive»: by=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The training of athletes under the supervision of a qualified coach

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:44-cheating-rules-and-games:e1:o3:1
# text = The training of athletes under the supervision of a qualified coach
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	training	training	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	athletes	athlete	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	under	under	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	supervision	supervision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	qualified	qualified	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	coach	coach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **train** |  |  | athletes under the supervision of a qualified coach |  |  |  |  | nom training «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 2 | **supervise** |  |  | a qualified coach |  |  |  |  | nom supervision «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The selection of athletes for a team by means of a ballot

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:44-cheating-rules-and-games:e1:o4:1
# text = The selection of athletes for a team by means of a ballot
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	selection	selection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	athletes	athlete	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	nmod	_	_
9	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	ballot	ballot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | the selection of athletes for a team |  |  |  |  | of a ballot | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **select** |  |  | athletes for a team |  |  |  |  | nom selection «act transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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