---
title: Identify the principal criterion by which legitimate assistance with… — Cheating, rules and games · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal criterion by which legitimate assistance with homework is to be distinguished from cheating. Exam question 2 of lesson 44 «Cheating, rules and games» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each opt
---

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# Exam question 2 · Cheating, rules and games

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal criterion by which legitimate assistance with homework is to be distinguished from cheating.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, principal criterion · **What happens:** identify, distinguish · **To what, where:** principal criterion, legitimate assistance

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 44 «Cheating, rules and games» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/44-cheating-rules-and-games/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:44-cheating-rules-and-games:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal criterion by which legitimate assistance with homework is to be distinguished from cheating.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	criterion	criterion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	obl	_	_
7	legitimate	legitimate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	assistance	assistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	distinguished	distinguish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	cheating	cheating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal criterion |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent criterion=Theme |
| 2 | **distinguish** | present · passive | the principal criterion | legitimate assistance with homework |  |  |  | from cheating | vn distinguish-23.5-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent subject=Theme from cheating=Co-Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whether the assistance enables the pupil to learn, the work remaining the pupil's own

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:44-cheating-rules-and-games:e2:o1:1
# text = Whether the assistance enables the pupil to learn, the work remaining the pupil's own
1	Whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	assistance	assistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	enables	enable	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
12	remaining	remain	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enable** | present | the assistance | the pupil |  |  |  | the work *obl* | tree rules |
| 2 | **learn** | to-infinitive | the assistance *not said here* | the pupil *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **remain** | gerund | the work *not said here* | the pupil's own |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme own=Attribute |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whether the assistance results in a mark of the highest order

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:44-cheating-rules-and-games:e2:o2:1
# text = Whether the assistance results in a mark of the highest order
1	Whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	assistance	assistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	results	result	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mark	mark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	highest	high	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	11	amod	_	_
11	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mark** |  |  | the highest order |  |  |  |  | nom mark «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whether the assistance is rendered by a person older than the pupil

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:44-cheating-rules-and-games:e2:o3:1
# text = Whether the assistance is rendered by a person older than the pupil
1	Whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	assistance	assistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	rendered	render	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
10	than	than	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** | present · passive | a person | the assistance |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whether the assistance is rendered free of charge

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:44-cheating-rules-and-games:e2:o4:1
# text = Whether the assistance is rendered free of charge
1	Whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	assistance	assistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	rendered	render	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** | present · passive |  | the assistance |  |  |  | free *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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