---
title: Your cousin says, "That runner took drugs but he still ran the race… — Cheating, rules and games · tree and pragmatics
description: Your cousin says, "That runner took drugs but he still ran the race himself, so it's not cheating." Is he right? Test 3 · ★★ of lesson 44 «Cheating, rules and games» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mo
---

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# Test 3 · ★★ · Cheating, rules and games

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your cousin says, "That runner took drugs but he still ran the race himself, so it's not cheating." Is he right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** cousin, runner · **What happens:** say, take, run, not cheat, be · **To what, where:** drugs, race · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 44 «Cheating, rules and games» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/44-cheating-rules-and-games/#t3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Your cousin says, "That runner took drugs but he still ran the race himself, so it's not cheating."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:44-cheating-rules-and-games:t3:1
# text = Your cousin says, "That runner took drugs but he still ran the race himself, so it's not cheating."
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	runner	runner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
9	drugs	drug	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	still	still	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	so	so	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
22	cheating	cheat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Your cousin |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **take** *in a quote* | past | that runner | drugs |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drug=Theme |
| 3 | **run** *in a quote* | past | runner | the race |  |  | still | runner *obl* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme race=Trajectory |
| 4 | **not** **cheat** *in a quote* | present · progressive | cousin |  |  |  |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Is he right?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:44-cheating-rules-and-games:t3:2
# text = Is he right?
1	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | runner |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, banned drugs give an unfair edge over honest runners and can harm health

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:44-cheating-rules-and-games:t3:o1:1
# text = No, banned drugs give an unfair edge over honest runners and can harm health
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	banned	ban	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	drugs	drug	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	unfair	unfair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	over	over	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	honest	honest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	runners	runner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	harm	harm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
15	health	health	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ban** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Causer |
| 2 | **give** | present | banned drugs | a unfair edge |  | honest runners |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent edge=Theme |
| 3 | **harm** | can | banned drugs *not said here* | health |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus health=Experiencer |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, as long as he did all of the running himself with his own legs, it is fair

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:44-cheating-rules-and-games:t3:o2:1
# text = Yes, as long as he did all of the running himself with his own legs, it is fair
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	as	as	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
5	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
11	running	run	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	csubj	_	_
12	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	11	obj	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	expl	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
20	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | he | all |  |  |  | long *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent all=Eventuality |
| 2 | **run** | gerund |  | himself *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme himself=Trajectory |
| 3 | **is** | present | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  | fair *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, because all runners take drugs anyway

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:44-cheating-rules-and-games:t3:o3:1
# text = Yes, because all runners take drugs anyway
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
3	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	runners	runner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	drugs	drug	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	anyway	anyway	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | all runners | drugs |  |  |  | anyway *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drug=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, but only because the drugs are expensive

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:44-cheating-rules-and-games:t3:o4:1
# text = No, but only because the drugs are expensive
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	9	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
3	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	drugs	drug	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	expensive	expensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the drugs |  |  |  |  | expensive *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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