---
title: Identify the principal cause to which the present warming of the ear… — The environment · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal cause to which the present warming of the earth is attributed. Exam question 2 of lesson 47 «The environment» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/47-the-environment/e2/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Religion ethics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/) / [The environment](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/47-the-environment/) / e2

# Exam question 2 · The environment

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal cause to which the present warming of the earth is attributed.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, principal, earth · **What happens:** identify, cause, attribute, warm · **To what, where:** present warming

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 47 «The environment» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/47-the-environment/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:47-the-environment:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal cause to which the present warming of the earth is attributed.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	cause	cause	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	warming	warming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	attributed	attribute	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn empathize-88.2 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **cause** | present | the principal |  |  |  |  |  | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 3 | **attribute** | present · passive |  | the present warming of the earth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **warm** |  | the earth |  |  |  |  |  | nom warming «process intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The respiration of an increased population of animals

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:47-the-environment:e2:o1:1
# text = The respiration of an increased population of animals
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	respiration	respiration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	increased	increase	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	population	population	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **increase** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **respire** |  | a increased population of animals |  |  |  |  |  | nom respiration «act intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A progressive diminution of the distance between the earth and the Sun

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:47-the-environment:e2:o2:1
# text = A progressive diminution of the distance between the earth and the Sun
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	progressive	progressive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	diminution	diminution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	between	between	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **diminish** |  | the distance between the earth and the Sun |  |  |  |  |  | nom diminution «process intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An increase in the frequency of volcanic eruptions

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:47-the-environment:e2:o3:1
# text = An increase in the frequency of volcanic eruptions
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	increase	increase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	frequency	frequency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	eruptions	eruption	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Human activity, in particular the combustion of coal, oil and gas

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:47-the-environment:e2:o4:1
# text = Human activity, in particular the combustion of coal, oil and gas
1	Human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	activity	activity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	particular	particular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	combustion	combustion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	coal	coal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **combust** |  | coal |  |  |  |  |  | nom combustion «process intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [The environment, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/47-the-environment/e1/)
- next →: [The environment, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/47-the-environment/e3/)
- ↑ back to [The environment](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/47-the-environment/)