---
title: Of the three principles of waste reduction, select that which is gen… — The environment · tree and pragmatics
description: Of the three principles of waste reduction, select that which is generally held to afford the greatest benefit, together with the reason. Exam question 4 of lesson 47 «The environment» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and
---

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# Exam question 4 · The environment

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of the three principles of waste reduction, select that which is generally held to afford the greatest benefit, together with the reason.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** select, hold, afford · **To what, where:** greatest benefit

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 47 «The environment» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/47-the-environment/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:47-the-environment:e4:1
# text = Of the three principles of waste reduction, select that which is generally held to afford the greatest benefit, together with the reason.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	principles	principle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	reduction	reduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
9	select	select	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
13	generally	generally	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	advcl	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	afford	afford	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	advcl	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	greatest	great	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	19	amod	_	_
19	benefit	benefit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	together	together	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **select** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of the three principles of waste reduction; with the reason; together *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hold** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  | generally *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **afford** | to-infinitive |  | the greatest benefit |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reduction, inasmuch as an article never produced requires no disposal

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:47-the-environment:e4:o1:1
# text = Reduction, inasmuch as an article never produced requires no disposal
1	Reduction	reduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	inasmuch	inasmuch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	article	article	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
7	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	produced	produce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	requires	require	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	11	det	_	_
11	disposal	disposal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **produce** | past | a article *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **require** | present | Reduction as a article and inasmuch | no disposal |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme disposal=Precondition |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
None, inasmuch as the conduct of individuals is of no consequence

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:47-the-environment:e4:o2:1
# text = None, inasmuch as the conduct of individuals is of no consequence
1	None	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	inasmuch	inasmuch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	conduct	conduct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	individuals	individual	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	12	det	_	_
12	consequence	consequence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | None |  |  |  |  | of no consequence | tree rules |
| 2 | **conduct** |  |  | individuals |  |  |  |  | nom conduct «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reuse, inasmuch as all newly manufactured articles are harmful to the earth

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:47-the-environment:e4:o3:1
# text = Reuse, inasmuch as all newly manufactured articles are harmful to the earth
1	Reuse	reuse	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	inasmuch	inasmuch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
5	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	8	det:predet	_	_
6	newly	newly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	manufactured	manufacture	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	articles	article	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	harmful	harmful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	advcl	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reuse** | imperative | you *not said here* | inasmuch |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent inasmuch=Asset |
| 2 | **manufacture** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | newly *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | all manufactured articles |  |  |  |  | to the earth; harmful *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Recycling, inasmuch as it permits unrestricted consumption

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:47-the-environment:e4:o4:1
# text = Recycling, inasmuch as it permits unrestricted consumption
1	Recycling	recycling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	inasmuch	inasmuch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	permits	permit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	unrestricted	unrestrict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	consumption	consumption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **permit** | present | inasmuch | unrestricted consumption |  |  |  |  | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent consumption=Theme |
| 2 | **unrestrict** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [The environment, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/47-the-environment/e3/)
- next →: [Lifeboat choices, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/48-lifeboat-choices/t1/)
- ↑ back to [The environment](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/47-the-environment/)