---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Getting old: how long people and anima… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the process of human ageing? Exam question 1 of lesson 52 «Getting old: how long people and animals live» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option
---

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# Exam question 1 · Getting old: how long people and animals live

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the process of human ageing?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, process · **To what, where:** process, human ageing

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 52 «Getting old: how long people and animals live» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/52-getting-old-how-long-people-and-animals-live/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:52-getting-old-how-long-people-and-animals-live:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the process of human ageing?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	process	process	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	ageing	ageing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the process of human ageing |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **process** |  |  | human ageing |  |  |  |  | nom process «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A phenomenon confined to persons who neglect their health

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:52-getting-old-how-long-people-and-animals-live:e1:o1:1
# text = A phenomenon confined to persons who neglect their health
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	confined	confine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	neglect	neglect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	health	health	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **confine** | participle |  | a phenomenon *not said here* | persons |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to person=Destination |
| 2 | **neglect** | present | persons | persons's health |  |  |  |  | vn neglect-75.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent health=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A punishment imposed upon those who have done wrong

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:52-getting-old-how-long-people-and-animals-live:e1:o2:1
# text = A punishment imposed upon those who have done wrong
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	imposed	impose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	obl:agent	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **impose** | participle |  | a punishment *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **do** | present · perfect |  |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A process which may be entirely reversed by medical intervention

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:52-getting-old-how-long-people-and-animals-live:e1:o3:1
# text = A process which may be entirely reversed by medical intervention
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	process	process	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
6	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	reversed	reverse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl:relcl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	medical	medical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	intervention	intervention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reverse** | may · passive | medical intervention | a process |  |  |  | entirely *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A gradual deterioration of bodily functions which medicine may slow but cannot arrest

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:52-getting-old-how-long-people-and-animals-live:e1:o4:1
# text = A gradual deterioration of bodily functions which medicine may slow but cannot arrest
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	gradual	gradual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	deterioration	deterioration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	bodily	bodily	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	functions	function	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	8	det	_	_
8	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	_
9	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	slow	slow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
11	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	arrest	arrest	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slow** | may | a gradual deterioration of bodily functions  which medicine |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **arrest** | can | a gradual deterioration of bodily functions  which medicine *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **deteriorate** |  | bodily functions  which medicine |  |  |  |  |  | nom deterioration «state intransitive»: of=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ↑ back to [Getting old: how long people and animals live](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/52-getting-old-how-long-people-and-animals-live/)