---
title: Ascertain the means by which a bereaved family unable to attend a di… — When a grandparent dies · tree and pragmatics
description: Ascertain the means by which a bereaved family unable to attend a distant funeral may nonetheless take leave of the deceased. Exam question 4 of lesson 58 «When a grandparent dies» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of 
---

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# Exam question 4 · When a grandparent dies

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ascertain the means by which a bereaved family unable to attend a distant funeral may nonetheless take leave of the deceased.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, the, bereaved family · **What happens:** ascertain, mean, attend, take, decease · **To what, where:** distant funeral, leave · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 58 «When a grandparent dies» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/58-when-a-grandparent-dies/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:58-when-a-grandparent-dies:e4:1
# text = Ascertain the means by which a bereaved family unable to attend a distant funeral may nonetheless take leave of the deceased.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	obl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	bereaved	bereaved	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
9	unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	attend	attend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	distant	distant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	funeral	funeral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
15	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	nonetheless	nonetheless	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
18	leave	leave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
19	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	deceased	decease	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **mean** | present | the |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **attend** | to-infinitive | a bereaved family *not said here* | a distant funeral |  |  |  |  | vn attend-107.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme funeral=Goal |
| 4 | **take** | may | a bereaved family | leave |  |  |  | nonetheless *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leave=Theme |
| 5 | **decease** | participle |  | leave *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn die-42.4 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Solely by attending the funeral in person, at whatever cost

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:58-when-a-grandparent-dies:e4:o1:1
# text = Solely by attending the funeral in person, at whatever cost
1	Solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
3	attending	attend	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	funeral	funeral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	whatever	whatever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	obj	_	_
11	cost	cost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attend** | gerund |  | the funeral |  |  |  | in person; solely *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Solely by the purchase of flowers to be delivered abroad

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:58-when-a-grandparent-dies:e4:o2:1
# text = Solely by the purchase of flowers to be delivered abroad
1	Solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	purchase	purchase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	delivered	deliver	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
10	abroad	abroad	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deliver** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  | abroad *property* | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP» |
| 2 | **purchase** |  |  | flowers |  |  |  |  | nom purchase «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By the lighting of a candle, the writing of a letter or participation by video

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:58-when-a-grandparent-dies:e4:o3:1
# text = By the lighting of a candle, the writing of a letter or participation by video
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	lighting	lighting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	candle	candle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	participation	participation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	video	video	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** |  |  | a letter by video or participation |  |  |  |  | nom writing «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 2 | **letter** |  | video |  |  |  |  |  | nom letter «communication transitive»: by=agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By no means whatsoever, since distance renders any farewell impossible

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:58-when-a-grandparent-dies:e4:o4:1
# text = By no means whatsoever, since distance renders any farewell impossible
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	since	since	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	renders	render	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	parataxis	_	_
9	any	any	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	farewell	farewell	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	11	advmod	_	_
11	impossible	impossible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | no |  |  |  |  | whatsoever *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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