---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Living well because life is short · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the regrets commonly expressed by persons near the end of life? Exam question 1 of lesson 76 «Living well because life is short» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the ques
---

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# Exam question 1 · Living well because life is short

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the regrets commonly expressed by persons near the end of life?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, express · **To what, where:** regrets

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 76 «Living well because life is short» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/76-living-well-because-life-is-short/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:76-living-well-because-life-is-short:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the regrets commonly expressed by persons near the end of life?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	regrets	regret	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	commonly	commonly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	expressed	express	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
15	near	near	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the regrets |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **express** | participle |  | the regrets *not said here* |  |  |  | by persons near the end of life; commonly *property* | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That they had not engaged in more disputes

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:76-living-well-because-life-is-short:e1:o1:1
# text = That they had not engaged in more disputes
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	engaged	engage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	disputes	dispute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **engage** | past · perfect · passive |  | That |  |  |  | in more disputes *goal* | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: subject=Theme in dispute=Goal |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That they had not loved more nor worried less

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:76-living-well-because-life-is-short:e1:o2:1
# text = That they had not loved more nor worried less
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	loved	love	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	obj	_	_
7	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	8	cc	_	_
8	worried	worry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
9	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	8	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **love** | past · perfect | That | more |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer more=Stimulus |
| 2 | **worry** | participle | That *not said here* |  |  |  |  | less *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That they had not acquired greater wealth

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:76-living-well-because-life-is-short:e1:o3:1
# text = That they had not acquired greater wealth
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	acquired	acquire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
7	wealth	wealth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **acquire** | past · perfect · passive |  | That |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That they had not worked longer hours

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:76-living-well-because-life-is-short:e1:o4:1
# text = That they had not worked longer hours
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	worked	work	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	7	advmod	_	_
7	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **work** | past · perfect | That |  |  |  | hour |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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