---
title: Identify the principal reason for which, according to the First Book… — Ruth, and David and Goliath · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which, according to the First Book of Samuel, the youngest son of Jesse was anointed. Exam question 1 of lesson 8 «Ruth, and David and Goliath» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of eac
---

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# Exam question 1 · Ruth, and David and Goliath

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which, according to the First Book of Samuel, the youngest son of Jesse was anointed.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, accord, anoint · **To what, where:** principal reason, First Book

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 8 «Ruth, and David and Goliath» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which, according to the First Book of Samuel, the youngest son of Jesse was anointed.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	case	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	First	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	12	amod	_	_
12	Book	Book	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Samuel	Samuel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	youngest	young	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	18	amod	_	_
18	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Jesse	Jesse	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	anointed	anoint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **anoint** | past · passive |  | the First Book of Samuel |  |  |  | for the principal reason | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was the son of King Saul

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath:e1:o1:1
# text = He was the son of King Saul
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | He | the son |  |  |  | of King Saul | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had defeated Goliath previously

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath:e1:o2:1
# text = He had defeated Goliath previously
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	defeated	defeat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	Goliath	Goliath	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	previously	previously	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **defeat** | past · perfect | He | Goliath |  |  |  | previously *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was the eldest and the tallest of the sons, as was the custom

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath:e1:o3:1
# text = He was the eldest and the tallest of the sons, as was the custom
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	eldest	eld	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	tallest	tall	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	4	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	custom	custom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | He |  |  |  |  | eld *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of the sons | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | as the custom | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Lord regards the heart rather than the outward appearance

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath:e1:o4:1
# text = The Lord regards the heart rather than the outward appearance
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	regards	regard	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	rather	rather	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	10	cc	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	outward	outward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	appearance	appearance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **regard** | present | the Lord | the heart |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heart=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- next →: [Ruth, and David and Goliath, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Ruth, and David and Goliath](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath/)