---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Ruth, and David and Goliath · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the practice designated «gleaning»? Exam question 2 of lesson 8 «Ruth, and David and Goliath» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's cho
---

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# Exam question 2 · Ruth, and David and Goliath

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the practice designated «gleaning»?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** practice · **What happens:** follow, characteris, designate, glean

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 8 «Ruth, and David and Goliath» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the practice designated «gleaning»?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	designated	designate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	gleaning	glean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  |  |  |  |  | accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **designate** | past | the practice |  |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **glean** *in a quote* | gerund | the practice *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gathering, by the poor, of grain remaining at the margins of a field

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath:e2:o1:1
# text = The gathering, by the poor, of grain remaining at the margins of a field
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gathering	gathering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	grain	grain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	remaining	remain	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	margins	margin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | gerund | grain *not said here* |  |  | the margins of a field |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at margin=Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sale of surplus grain by the landowner

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath:e2:o2:1
# text = The sale of surplus grain by the landowner
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sale	sale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	surplus	surplus	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	grain	grain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	landowner	landowner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The payment of a tithe of grain to the priests of the Temple at Jerusalem

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath:e2:o3:1
# text = The payment of a tithe of grain to the priests of the Temple at Jerusalem
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	payment	payment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tithe	tithe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	grain	grain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	priests	priest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Temple	Temple	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pay** |  |  | a tithe of grain |  |  |  | to the priests of the Temple at Jerusalem | nom payment «possession transitive»: of=patient to=obl |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sowing of seed prior to the rains

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath:e2:o4:1
# text = The sowing of seed prior to the rains
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sowing	sowing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	seed	seed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	prior	prior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	rains	rain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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