---
title: A judge asks: «Was Ruth's choice only loyalty, or also courage?» — Ruth, and David and Goliath · tree and pragmatics
description: A judge asks: «Was Ruth's choice only loyalty, or also courage?» Test 10 of lesson 8 «Ruth, and David and Goliath» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 10 · Ruth, and David and Goliath

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A judge asks: «Was Ruth's choice only loyalty, or also courage?»

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** judge · **What happens:** ask, be · **To what, where:** choice · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 10 of lesson 8 «Ruth, and David and Goliath» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath/#t10).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath:t10:1
# text = A judge asks: «Was Ruth's choice only loyalty, or also courage?»
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	asks	ask	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	Ruth	Ruth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	choice	choice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	_
10	only	only	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	loyalty	loyalty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	also	also	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present | a judge |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | past |  | Ruth's choice or courage |  |  |  | loyalty *nmod* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both: she left her own land and people for a hard, unknown life

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath:t10:o1:1
# text = Both: she left her own land and people for a hard, unknown life
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
12	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
14	unknown	unknown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | Both | her own land and people |  |  |  | for a hard unknown life | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent land=Theme for life=Recipient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Neither, she was told to go

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath:t10:o2:1
# text = Neither, she was told to go
1	Neither	neither	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past · passive |  | she |  |  |  | neither *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | she *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only loyalty, it cost her nothing

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath:t10:o3:1
# text = Only loyalty, it cost her nothing
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	loyalty	loyalty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	cost	cost	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	iobj	_	_
7	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | past | loyalty | nothing | her *= she* |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Theme she=Beneficiary nothing=Value |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only courage, she did not love Naomi

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath:t10:o4:1
# text = Only courage, she did not love Naomi
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
5	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	love	love	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
8	Naomi	Naomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **love** | past · do-support | she | Naomi |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer naomi=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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