---
title: little bro: «david beat goliath cos he was secretly the biggest guy… — Ruth, and David and Goliath · tree and pragmatics
description: little bro: «david beat goliath cos he was secretly the biggest guy in the army». right? Test 4 of lesson 8 «Ruth, and David and Goliath» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 4 · Ruth, and David and Goliath

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
little bro: «david beat goliath cos he was secretly the biggest guy in the army». right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** david · **What happens:** beat, be · **To what, where:** goliath, biggest guy, army

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 of lesson 8 «Ruth, and David and Goliath» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath/#t4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath:t4:1
# text = little bro: «david beat goliath cos he was secretly the biggest guy in the army». right?
1	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	bro	bro	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	david	david	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	beat	beat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	goliath	goliath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	cos	cos	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
11	secretly	secretly	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	biggest	big	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	14	amod	_	_
14	guy	guy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
20	right	right	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beat** *in a quote* | past | david | goliath |  |  |  | little bro *vocative* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location goliath=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | past | david | the biggest guy |  | the army |  | secretly *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, Jonathan fought Goliath for him

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath:t4:o1:1
# text = No, Jonathan fought Goliath for him
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Goliath	Goliath	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | past | Jonathan | Goliath |  |  |  | for Goliath | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goliath=Co-Agent |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, he was a young shepherd who trusted God and used his sling

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath:t4:o2:1
# text = No, he was a young shepherd who trusted God and used his sling
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	trusted	trust	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	sling	sling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | he | a young shepherd |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **trust** | past | a young shepherd | God |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent god=Theme |
| 3 | **use** | past | a young shepherd *not said here* | God's sling |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sling=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, he was taller than Goliath and the strongest man in Israel

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath:t4:o3:1
# text = Yes, he was taller than Goliath and the strongest man in Israel
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	taller	tall	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Goliath	Goliath	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	strongest	strong	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	11	amod	_	_
11	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | he |  |  |  |  | than Goliath; tall *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, he wore the king's armour

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath:t4:o4:1
# text = Yes, he wore the king's armour
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	armour	armour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | he | the king's armour |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent armour=Source |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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