---
title: A classmate with no religion asks: «why was Jonathan such a good fri… — Ruth, and David and Goliath · tree and pragmatics
description: A classmate with no religion asks: «why was Jonathan such a good friend?» Test 7 of lesson 8 «Ruth, and David and Goliath» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 7 · Ruth, and David and Goliath

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A classmate with no religion asks: «why was Jonathan such a good friend?»

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** classmate, Jonathan · **What happens:** ask, be · **To what, where:** good friend · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 of lesson 8 «Ruth, and David and Goliath» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath/#t7).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath:t7:1
# text = A classmate with no religion asks: «why was Jonathan such a good friend?»
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	classmate	classmate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	religion	religion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	asks	ask	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
11	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
12	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	15	det:predet	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present | a classmate with no religion |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | past | Jonathan | such good friend |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He fought Goliath for David

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath:t7:o1:1
# text = He fought Goliath for David
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Goliath	Goliath	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | past | He | Goliath |  |  |  | for David | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goliath=Co-Agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He protected David from his own father's jealousy, even at a cost

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath:t7:o2:1
# text = He protected David from his own father's jealousy, even at a cost
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	protected	protect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	jealousy	jealousy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	even	even	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	cost	cost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | past | He |  | David |  |  | from David's own father's jealousy | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent david=Beneficiary from jealousy=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was paid by Samuel to help

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath:t7:o3:1
# text = He was paid by Samuel to help
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	paid	pay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Samuel	Samuel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pay** | past · passive | Samuel | He |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Asset |
| 2 | **help** | to-infinitive | Samuel *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He gave David his father's crown at once and made him king that same day

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:8-ruth-and-david-and-goliath:t7:o4:1
# text = He gave David his father's crown at once and made him king that same day
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	iobj	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	crown	crown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	2	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	appos	_	_
16	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | He | David's father's crown | David |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent david=Recipient crown=Theme at once=Asset |
| 2 | **make** | past | He *not said here* | David |  |  | day |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset he=Product |
| 3 | **crown** |  | David's father |  |  |  |  |  | nom crown «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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