---
title: "Jacko's a total bludger, mate," says Lachlan in Perth. What is a bl… — Trust that breaks and takes long to mend · tree and pragmatics
description: "Jacko's a total bludger, mate," says Lachlan in Perth. What is a bludger? Test 4 · ★ of lesson 82 «Trust that breaks and takes long to mend» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 4 · ★ · Trust that breaks and takes long to mend

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Jacko's a total bludger, mate," says Lachlan in Perth. What is a bludger?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Jacko, total bludger · **What happens:** be, say · **To what, where:** total bludger, bludger · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 82 «Trust that breaks and takes long to mend» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/82-trust-that-breaks-and-takes-long-to-mend/#t4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* "Jacko's a total bludger, mate," says Lachlan in Perth.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:82-trust-that-breaks-and-takes-long-to-mend:t4:1
# text = "Jacko's a total bludger, mate," says Lachlan in Perth.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Jacko	Jacko	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	total	total	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	bludger	bludger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
11	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	Lachlan	Lachlan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Perth	Perth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | Jacko | a total bludger and mate |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a total bludger and mate |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is a bludger?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:82-trust-that-breaks-and-takes-long-to-mend:t4:2
# text = What is a bludger?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bludger	bludger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a bludger |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Someone who has just moved to the class from another school

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:82-trust-that-breaks-and-takes-long-to-mend:t4:o1:1
# text = Someone who has just moved to the class from another school
1	Someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	just	just	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	moved	move	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	1	acl:relcl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	11	det	_	_
11	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | present · perfect |  |  |  | another school |  | to the class | vn slide-11.2 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme to class=Destination from school=Initial\_Location |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Someone who lets others do the work

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:82-trust-that-breaks-and-takes-long-to-mend:t4:o2:1
# text = Someone who lets others do the work
1	Someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lets	let	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | present |  | others |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | infinitive | others *not said here* | the work |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Eventuality |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Someone who tells loud, funny jokes in class

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:82-trust-that-breaks-and-takes-long-to-mend:t4:o3:1
# text = Someone who tells loud, funny jokes in class
1	Someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	funny	funny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	jokes	joke	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present |  | loud funny jokes |  | class |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent joke=Recipient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Someone who is brilliant at sport, especially footy

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:82-trust-that-breaks-and-takes-long-to-mend:t4:o4:1
# text = Someone who is brilliant at sport, especially footy
1	Someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	brilliant	brilliant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	acl:relcl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	footy	footy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  | sport |  | brilliant *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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