---
title: Which of the following most accurately characterises the act of owni… — Owning up: the broken vase and the los… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following most accurately characterises the act of owning up? Exam question 1 of lesson 89 «Owning up: the broken vase and the lost library book» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's ch
---

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# Exam question 1 · Owning up: the broken vase and the lost library book

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following most accurately characterises the act of owning up?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** act · **What happens:** follow, characteris, own up · **To what, where:** act

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 89 «Owning up: the broken vase and the lost library book» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/89-owning-up-the-broken-vase-and-the-lost-library-book/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:89-owning-up-the-broken-vase-and-the-lost-library-book:e1:1
# text = Which of the following most accurately characterises the act of owning up?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
5	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	6	advmod	_	_
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	owning	own	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the act |  |  |  | accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **own up** | gerund | the act *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The concealment of wrongdoing until its discovery by others

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:89-owning-up-the-broken-vase-and-the-lost-library-book:e1:o1:1
# text = The concealment of wrongdoing until its discovery by others
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	concealment	concealment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	until	until	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	discovery	discovery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **conceal** |  | others | wrongdoing |  |  | until wrongdoing's discovery |  | nom concealment «state transitive»: of=patient until=obl by=agent |
| 2 | **discover** |  | wrongdoing |  |  |  |  |  | nom discovery «act transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The acknowledgement of wrongdoing committed exclusively by others, and never by oneself

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:89-owning-up-the-broken-vase-and-the-lost-library-book:e1:o2:1
# text = The acknowledgement of wrongdoing committed exclusively by others, and never by oneself
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	acknowledgement	acknowledgement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	committed	commit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
6	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	oneself	oneself	PRON	PRP	PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **commit** | participle |  | the acknowledgement of wrongdoing *not said here* |  |  |  | by others; exclusively *property* | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The voluntary acknowledgement of one's own wrongdoing prior to another's being blamed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:89-owning-up-the-broken-vase-and-the-lost-library-book:e1:o3:1
# text = The voluntary acknowledgement of one's own wrongdoing prior to another's being blamed
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	voluntary	voluntary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	acknowledgement	acknowledgement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	one	one	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
9	prior	prior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ	14	mark	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	blamed	blame	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blame** | gerund · passive |  | the voluntary acknowledgement of one's own wrongdoing *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP» |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The attribution of one's wrongdoing to another party

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:89-owning-up-the-broken-vase-and-the-lost-library-book:e1:o4:1
# text = The attribution of one's wrongdoing to another party
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	attribution	attribution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	one	one	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
9	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attribute** |  |  | one's wrongdoing to another party |  |  |  |  | nom attribution «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Owning up: the broken vase and the los…, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/89-owning-up-the-broken-vase-and-the-lost-library-book/t11/)
- next →: [Owning up: the broken vase and the los…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/89-owning-up-the-broken-vase-and-the-lost-library-book/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Owning up: the broken vase and the lost library book](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/89-owning-up-the-broken-vase-and-the-lost-library-book/)