---
title: Which of the following most accurately characterises the restitution… — Saying sorry and making amends: Zaccha… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following most accurately characterises the restitution made by Zacchaeus as recorded in Luke 19:1-10? Exam question 1 of lesson 90 «Saying sorry and making amends: Zacchaeus pays back» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of th
---

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# Exam question 1 · Saying sorry and making amends: Zacchaeus pays back

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following most accurately characterises the restitution made by Zacchaeus as recorded in Luke 19:1-10?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, make, record · **To what, where:** restitution

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 90 «Saying sorry and making amends: Zacchaeus pays back» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/90-saying-sorry-and-making-amends-zacchaeus-pays-back/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:90-saying-sorry-and-making-amends-zacchaeus-pays-back:e1:1
# text = Which of the following most accurately characterises the restitution made by Zacchaeus as recorded in Luke 19:1-10?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	6	advmod	_	_
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	restitution	restitution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Zacchaeus	Zacchaeus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
13	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	recorded	record	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Luke	Luke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl:agent	_	_
17	19:1-10	19:1-10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the restitution |  |  |  | accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | participle |  | the restitution *not said here* |  |  |  | by Zacchaeus | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 4 | **record** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The refusal to restore anything, his sins having been forgiven

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:90-saying-sorry-and-making-amends-zacchaeus-pays-back:e1:o1:1
# text = The refusal to restore anything, his sins having been forgiven
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	refusal	refusal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	restore	restore	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
5	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	sins	sin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
9	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
10	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	forgiven	forgive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **restore** | to-infinitive |  | anything |  |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent anything=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | gerund | the refusal and his sins *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **forgive** | participle · passive | the refusal and his sins *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP» |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The restoration of fourfold the amount to any person defrauded, together with the gift of half his possessions to the poor

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:90-saying-sorry-and-making-amends-zacchaeus-pays-back:e1:o2:1
# text = The restoration of fourfold the amount to any person defrauded, together with the gift of half his possessions to the poor
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	restoration	restoration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	fourfold	fourfold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
9	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	defrauded	defraud	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	together	together	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	gift	gift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	half	half	DET	PDT	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac|PronType=Ind	19	det:predet	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	possessions	possession	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **defraud** | past | the restoration of fourfold |  |  |  |  | with the gift of amount's possessions; to the poor; together *property* | vn cheat-10.6.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **gift** |  |  | amount's possessions |  |  |  |  | nom gift «possession transitive»: of=patient |
| 3 | **possess** |  | amount |  |  |  |  |  | nom possession «act transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The restoration of the precise amount defrauded and no more

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:90-saying-sorry-and-making-amends-zacchaeus-pays-back:e1:o3:1
# text = The restoration of the precise amount defrauded and no more
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	restoration	restoration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	precise	precise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	defrauded	defraud	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	no	no	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **defraud** | past | the restoration of the precise amount |  |  |  |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The payment of a fine to the Roman authorities

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:90-saying-sorry-and-making-amends-zacchaeus-pays-back:e1:o4:1
# text = The payment of a fine to the Roman authorities
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	payment	payment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	fine	fine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	authorities	authority	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pay** |  |  | a fine |  |  |  | to the Roman authorities | nom payment «possession transitive»: of=patient to=obl |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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