---
title: Which of the following most accurately characterises the permitting… — Owning up when it is hard · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following most accurately characterises the permitting of an innocent person to suffer punishment for one's own fault? Exam question 1 of lesson 91 «Owning up when it is hard» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/91-owning-up-when-it-is-hard/e1/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Religion ethics](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/) / [Owning up when it is hard](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/91-owning-up-when-it-is-hard/) / e1

# Exam question 1 · Owning up when it is hard

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following most accurately characterises the permitting of an innocent person to suffer punishment for one's own fault?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** one · **What happens:** follow, characteris, permit, suffer, fault · **To what, where:** punishment

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 91 «Owning up when it is hard» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/91-owning-up-when-it-is-hard/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:91-owning-up-when-it-is-hard:e1:1
# text = Which of the following most accurately characterises the permitting of an innocent person to suffer punishment for one's own fault?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
5	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	6	advmod	_	_
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	permitting	permit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	innocent	innocent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	suffer	suffer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
16	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
18	one	one	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	's	's	PART	POS	_	18	case	_	_
20	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	fault	fault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  |  |  |  |  | accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **permit** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | of a innocent person | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Causer |
| 4 | **suffer** | to-infinitive |  | punishment |  |  |  | for one's own fault | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer punishment=Stimulus for fault=Attribute |
| 5 | **fault** |  | one |  |  |  |  |  | nom fault «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A form of loyalty to one's family

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:91-owning-up-when-it-is-hard:e1:o1:1
# text = A form of loyalty to one's family
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	loyalty	loyalty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	one	one	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** |  |  | loyalty |  |  |  | to one's family | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient to=obl |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A grave injustice, constituting false witness by silence

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:91-owning-up-when-it-is-hard:e1:o2:1
# text = A grave injustice, constituting false witness by silence
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	grave	grave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	injustice	injustice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	constituting	constitute	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
6	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	witness	witness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	silence	silence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | gerund | a grave injustice *not said here* | false witness |  |  |  | by silence | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme witness=Pivot |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A matter of indifference provided that the innocent person is younger

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:91-owning-up-when-it-is-hard:e1:o3:1
# text = A matter of indifference provided that the innocent person is younger
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	indifference	indifference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	provided	provide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	innocent	innocent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **provide** | past | a matter of indifference |  |  |  |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition |
| 2 | **is** | present | the innocent person |  |  |  |  | young *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **matter** |  | indifference |  |  |  |  |  | nom matter «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A commendable instance of discretion

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:91-owning-up-when-it-is-hard:e1:o4:1
# text = A commendable instance of discretion
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	commendable	commendable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	instance	instance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	discretion	discretion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **instance** |  |  | discretion |  |  |  |  | nom instance «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Owning up when it is hard, test 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/91-owning-up-when-it-is-hard/t10/)
- next →: [Owning up when it is hard, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/91-owning-up-when-it-is-hard/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Owning up when it is hard](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/religion-ethics/91-owning-up-when-it-is-hard/)