---
title: Given that a pupil observes a friend cheating in a minor test, ascer… — Why cheating hurts the cheat · tree and pragmatics
description: Given that a pupil observes a friend cheating in a minor test, ascertain the course of action most consistent with this lesson. Exam question 4 of lesson 94 «Why cheating hurts the cheat» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question 
---

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# Exam question 4 · Why cheating hurts the cheat

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Given that a pupil observes a friend cheating in a minor test, ascertain the course of action most consistent with this lesson.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** pupil, friend, you · **What happens:** give, observe, cheat, ascertain · **To what, where:** friend, minor test, course

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 94 «Why cheating hurts the cheat» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/religion-ethics/94-why-cheating-hurts-the-cheat/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:94-why-cheating-hurts-the-cheat:e4:1
# text = Given that a pupil observes a friend cheating in a minor test, ascertain the course of action most consistent with this lesson.
1	Given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	mark	_	_
2	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	observes	observe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	cheating	cheat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	minor	minor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	20	advmod	_	_
20	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	23	det	_	_
23	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **observe** | present | a pupil | a friend |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent friend=Topic |
| 3 | **cheat** | gerund | a friend *not said here* |  |  | a minor test |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the course of action |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent course=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pupil ought first to speak to the friend and must not lie on the friend's behalf

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:94-why-cheating-hurts-the-cheat:e4:o1:1
# text = The pupil ought first to speak to the friend and must not lie on the friend's behalf
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	ought	ought	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	lie	lie	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	's	's	PART	POS	_	16	case	_	_
18	behalf	behalf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | ought | the pupil |  |  |  |  | to the friend; first *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to friend=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **not** **lie** | must | the pupil *not said here* |  |  | the friend's behalf |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on behalf=Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pupil ought to adopt the friend's answers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:94-why-cheating-hurts-the-cheat:e4:o2:1
# text = The pupil ought to adopt the friend's answers
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	ought	ought	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	adopt	adopt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	answers	answer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **adopt** | ought | the pupil | the friend's answers |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Theme |
| 2 | **answer** |  | the friend |  |  |  |  |  | nom answer «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pupil ought to denounce the friend publicly forthwith

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:94-why-cheating-hurts-the-cheat:e4:o3:1
# text = The pupil ought to denounce the friend publicly forthwith
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	ought	ought	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	denounce	denounce	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	publicly	publicly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	forthwith	forthwith	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **denounce** | ought | the pupil | the friend |  |  |  | forthwith *property* | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pupil ought to provide a false account if questioned

```conllu
# sent_id = question:religion-ethics:94-why-cheating-hurts-the-cheat:e4:o4:1
# text = The pupil ought to provide a false account if questioned
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	ought	ought	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	provide	provide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	account	account	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	questioned	question	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **provide** | ought | the pupil | a false account |  |  |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition account=Theme |
| 2 | **question** *speech: other* *a condition, not said to happen* | participle | the pupil *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn interrogate-37.1.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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