---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises suns… — The Sun, our star · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises sunspots? Exam question 3 of lesson 1 «The Sun, our star» of the space course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 3 · The Sun, our star

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises sunspots?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** sunspots

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 1 «The Sun, our star» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/space/1-the-sun-our-star/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:1-the-sun-our-star:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises sunspots?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	sunspots	sunspot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | sunspots |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shadows cast upon the Sun by the passage of the planets

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:1-the-sun-our-star:e3:o1:1
# text = Shadows cast upon the Sun by the passage of the planets
1	Shadows	shadow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cast	cast	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	planets	planet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cast** | present | Shadows |  |  |  |  | upon the Sun; by the passage of the planets | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent upon sun=Destination |
| 2 | **pass** |  | the planets |  |  |  |  |  | nom passage «act intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Comparatively cool regions in which strong magnetic fields inhibit rising gas

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:1-the-sun-our-star:e3:o2:1
# text = Comparatively cool regions in which strong magnetic fields inhibit rising gas
1	Comparatively	comparatively	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	cool	cool	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	regions	region	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
6	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	magnetic	magnetic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	inhibit	inhibit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl:relcl	_	_
10	rising	rise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	amod	_	_
11	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inhibit** | infinitive | strong magnetic fields | rising gas |  | cool regions |  |  | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer gas=Eventuality |
| 2 | **rise** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Regions in which fusion has permanently ceased

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:1-the-sun-our-star:e3:o3:1
# text = Regions in which fusion has permanently ceased
1	Regions	region	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	4	det	_	_
4	fusion	fusion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	permanently	permanently	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	ceased	cease	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cease** | present · perfect · passive |  | Regions in which fusion |  |  |  | permanently *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Apertures through which the interior of the Sun may be observed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:1-the-sun-our-star:e3:o4:1
# text = Apertures through which the interior of the Sun may be observed
1	Apertures	aperture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	through	through	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	interior	interior	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	observed	observe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** | may · passive |  | Apertures through the interior of the Sun |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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