--- title: Sam reckons Callisto must be young cos it's covered in craters. what… — Jupiter's moons · tree and pragmatics description: Sam reckons Callisto must be young cos it's covered in craters. what's wrong with that? Test 7 of lesson 11 «Jupiter's moons» of the space course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/11-jupiters-moons/t7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Space](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/) / [Jupiter's moons](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/11-jupiters-moons/) / t7 # Test 7 · Jupiter's moons Sam reckons Callisto must be young cos it's covered in craters. what's wrong with that? **Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Sam, Callisto · **What happens:** reckon, be, cover · **To what, where:** it This is test 7 of lesson 11 «Jupiter's moons» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/space/11-jupiters-moons/#t7). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:space:11-jupiters-moons:t7:1 # text = Sam reckons Callisto must be young cos it's covered in craters. what's wrong with that? 1 Sam Sam PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 reckons reckon VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 Callisto Callisto PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 4 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 6 aux _ _ 5 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 6 cop _ _ 6 young young ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 ccomp _ _ 7 cos cos SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 8 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj:pass _ SpaceAfter=No 9 's be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux:pass _ _ 10 covered cover VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 advcl _ _ 11 in in ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 craters crater NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 13 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ 14 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 16 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 15 's be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 cop _ _ 16 wrong wrong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 parataxis _ _ 17 with with ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 16 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 19 ? ? PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **reckon** | present | Sam | | | | | | vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is** | must | Callisto | | | | | young *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **cover** | present · passive | | it | | | | in craters | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in crater=Theme | | 4 | **is** | present | | | | | | with that; wrong *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1} Many craters mean an old surface that has hardly changed ```conllu # sent_id = question:space:11-jupiters-moons:t7:o1:1 # text = Many craters mean an old surface that has hardly changed 1 Many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 craters crater NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 mean mean VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 surface surface NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 7 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 10 nsubj _ _ 8 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 aux _ _ 9 hardly hardly ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 10 changed change VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 6 acl:relcl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mean** | present | Many craters | a old surface | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent surface=Topic | | 2 | **change** | present · perfect | a old surface | | | | | hardly *property* | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ### Option 2 {#o2} Craters only form on young moons ```conllu # sent_id = question:space:11-jupiters-moons:t7:o2:1 # text = Craters only form on young moons 1 Craters crater NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 only only ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 3 form form VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 on on ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 young young ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 moons moon NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **form** | present | Craters | | | young moons | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on moon=Location | ### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3} Craters are made by Callisto's volcanoes ```conllu # sent_id = question:space:11-jupiters-moons:t7:o3:1 # text = Craters are made by Callisto's volcanoes 1 Craters crater NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 by by ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 5 Callisto Callisto PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 6 's 's PART POS _ 5 case _ _ 7 volcanoes volcano NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | present · passive | Callisto's volcanoes | Craters | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product | ### Option 4 {#o4} Callisto has no craters at all ```conllu # sent_id = question:space:11-jupiters-moons:t7:o4:1 # text = Callisto has no craters at all 1 Callisto Callisto PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 4 det _ _ 4 craters crater NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 5 at at ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 4 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Callisto | no craters | | all | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crater=Patient | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Jupiter's moons, test 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/11-jupiters-moons/t6/) - next →: [Jupiter's moons, test 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/11-jupiters-moons/t8/) - ↑ back to [Jupiter's moons](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/11-jupiters-moons/)