---
title: State the method by which the existence and position of Neptune were… — Uranus and Neptune · tree and pragmatics
description: State the method by which the existence and position of Neptune were first established in the year eighteen hundred and forty-six. Exam question 2 of lesson 14 «Uranus and Neptune» of the space course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each optio
---

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# Exam question 2 · Uranus and Neptune

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
State the method by which the existence and position of Neptune were first established in the year eighteen hundred and forty-six.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** State method · **What happens:** establish · **To what, where:** existence

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This is exam question 2 of lesson 14 «Uranus and Neptune» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/space/14-uranus-and-neptune/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:14-uranus-and-neptune:e2:1
# text = State the method by which the existence and position of Neptune were first established in the year eighteen hundred and forty-six.
1	State	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	method	method	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	obl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	existence	existence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	position	position	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Neptune	Neptune	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
13	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	14	advmod	_	_
14	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	eighteen	eighteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	compound	_	_
19	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	obl	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	forty	forty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	23	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **establish** | past · passive | the State method | the existence and position of Neptune |  |  | year | eighteen hundred *obl*; first *property* | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mathematical prediction from perturbations in the orbit of Uranus

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:14-uranus-and-neptune:e2:o1:1
# text = Mathematical prediction from perturbations in the orbit of Uranus
1	Mathematical	mathematical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	prediction	prediction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	perturbations	perturbation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	orbit	orbit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Uranus	Uranus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Photography by a space probe

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:14-uranus-and-neptune:e2:o2:1
# text = Photography by a space probe
1	Photography	photography	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	probe	probe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Observation with the unaided eye

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:14-uranus-and-neptune:e2:o3:1
# text = Observation with the unaided eye
1	Observation	observation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	unaided	unaided	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Detection by radio transmission

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:14-uranus-and-neptune:e2:o4:1
# text = Detection by radio transmission
1	Detection	detection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	transmission	transmission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **detect** |  | radio transmission |  |  |  |  |  | nom detection «cognition transitive»: by=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Uranus and Neptune, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/14-uranus-and-neptune/e1/)
- next →: [Uranus and Neptune, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/14-uranus-and-neptune/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Uranus and Neptune](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/14-uranus-and-neptune/)