---
title: Identify the principal reason for which Pluto was reclassified as a… — Pluto, the Kuiper belt, the Oort cloud… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet in the year two thousand and six. Exam question 1 of lesson 15 «Pluto, the Kuiper belt, the Oort cloud and comets» of the space course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question an
---

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# Exam question 1 · Pluto, the Kuiper belt, the Oort cloud and comets

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet in the year two thousand and six.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, reclassify · **To what, where:** principal reason, Pluto

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 15 «Pluto, the Kuiper belt, the Oort cloud and comets» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/space/15-pluto-the-kuiper-belt-the-oort-cloud-and-comets/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:15-pluto-the-kuiper-belt-the-oort-cloud-and-comets:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet in the year two thousand and six.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
7	Pluto	Pluto	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	reclassified	reclassify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	dwarf	dwarf	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	planet	planet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
17	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	compound	_	_
18	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **reclassify** | past · passive |  | Pluto |  |  |  | for the principal reason; as a dwarf planet *goal*; two thousand *obl* | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP PP.goal»: subject=Theme as planet=Goal |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It ceased to orbit the Sun

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:15-pluto-the-kuiper-belt-the-oort-cloud-and-comets:e1:o1:1
# text = It ceased to orbit the Sun
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ceased	cease	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	orbit	orbit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cease** | past | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **orbit** | to-infinitive |  | the Sun |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its diameter was found to have diminished

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:15-pluto-the-kuiper-belt-the-oort-cloud-and-comets:e1:o2:1
# text = Its diameter was found to have diminished
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	diameter	diameter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux	_	_
7	diminished	diminish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past · passive |  | Its diameter |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme |
| 2 | **diminish** | to-infinitive · perfect | Its diameter *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was found to be a satellite of Neptune

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:15-pluto-the-kuiper-belt-the-oort-cloud-and-comets:e1:o3:1
# text = It was found to be a satellite of Neptune
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	satellite	satellite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Neptune	Neptune	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | a satellite |  |  |  | of Neptune | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It has not cleared its orbit of comparable bodies

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:15-pluto-the-kuiper-belt-the-oort-cloud-and-comets:e1:o4:1
# text = It has not cleared its orbit of comparable bodies
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	cleared	clear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	orbit	orbit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	comparable	comparable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **clear** | present · perfect | It | its orbit |  |  |  | of comparable bodies | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent orbit=Theme of body=Source |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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