---
title: Why does a comet grow a glowing head only near the Sun? — Pluto, the Kuiper belt, the Oort cloud… · tree and pragmatics
description: Why does a comet grow a glowing head only near the Sun? Test 11 · ★★ of lesson 15 «Pluto, the Kuiper belt, the Oort cloud and comets» of the space course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/15-pluto-the-kuiper-belt-the-oort-cloud-and-comets/t11/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Space](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/) / [Pluto, the Kuiper belt, the Oort cloud…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/15-pluto-the-kuiper-belt-the-oort-cloud-and-comets/) / t11

# Test 11 · ★★ · Pluto, the Kuiper belt, the Oort cloud and comets

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why does a comet grow a glowing head only near the Sun?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** comet · **What happens:** grow, glow · **To what, where:** glowing head, Sun

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 · ★★ of lesson 15 «Pluto, the Kuiper belt, the Oort cloud and comets» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/space/15-pluto-the-kuiper-belt-the-oort-cloud-and-comets/#t11).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:15-pluto-the-kuiper-belt-the-oort-cloud-and-comets:t11:1
# text = Why does a comet grow a glowing head only near the Sun?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	comet	comet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	glowing	glow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	only	only	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	near	near	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present · do-support | a comet | a glowing head |  | the Sun |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location head=Theme |
| 2 | **glow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It only exists near the Sun

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:15-pluto-the-kuiper-belt-the-oort-cloud-and-comets:t11:o1:1
# text = It only exists near the Sun
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	exists	exist	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	near	near	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exist** | present | It |  |  | the Sun |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near sun=Location |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Sun's heat turns its ice into gas and frees dust

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:15-pluto-the-kuiper-belt-the-oort-cloud-and-comets:t11:o2:1
# text = The Sun's heat turns its ice into gas and frees dust
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	frees	free	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
12	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | the Sun's heat | heat's ice |  | gas |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent ice=Theme into gas=Trajectory |
| 2 | **free** | present | the Sun's heat *not said here* | dust |  |  |  |  | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Causer dust=Source |
| 3 | **heat** |  | the Sun |  |  |  |  |  | nom heat «phenomenon intransitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Sun paints it with light

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:15-pluto-the-kuiper-belt-the-oort-cloud-and-comets:t11:o3:1
# text = The Sun paints it with light
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	paints	paint	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** | present | the Sun | it |  |  |  | with light | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Destination with light=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Sun's heat lights a fire on its surface, like a match

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:15-pluto-the-kuiper-belt-the-oort-cloud-and-comets:t11:o4:1
# text = The Sun's heat lights a fire on its surface, like a match
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	lights	light	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **light** | present | the Sun's heat | a fire |  | heat's surface |  | like a match | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Product |
| 2 | **heat** |  | the Sun |  |  |  |  |  | nom heat «phenomenon intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Pluto, the Kuiper belt, the Oort cloud…, test 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/15-pluto-the-kuiper-belt-the-oort-cloud-and-comets/t10/)
- next →: [Pluto, the Kuiper belt, the Oort cloud…, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/15-pluto-the-kuiper-belt-the-oort-cloud-and-comets/t12/)
- ↑ back to [Pluto, the Kuiper belt, the Oort cloud and comets](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/15-pluto-the-kuiper-belt-the-oort-cloud-and-comets/)