---
title: Two dead stars are compared: one is the size of the Earth, the other… — How stars die · tree and pragmatics
description: Two dead stars are compared: one is the size of the Earth, the other only 20 km across but heavier. Which is which? Test 4 · ★★★ of lesson 19 «How stars die» of the space course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wr
---

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# Test 4 · ★★★ · How stars die

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Two dead stars are compared: one is the size of the Earth, the other only 20 km across but heavier. Which is which?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** compare, be · **To what, where:** Two dead stars, one size

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 · ★★★ of lesson 19 «How stars die» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/space/19-how-stars-die/#t4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Two dead stars are compared: one is the size of the Earth, the other only 20 km across but heavier.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:19-how-stars-die:t4:1
# text = Two dead stars are compared: one is the size of the Earth, the other only 20 km across but heavier.
1	Two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
2	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	compared	compare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
16	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
17	only	only	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
19	km	km	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
20	across	across	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
21	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	heavier	heavy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compare** | present · passive |  | Two dead stars |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the one size and the other 20 km |  |  |  | of the Earth | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Which is which?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:19-how-stars-die:t4:2
# text = Which is which?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both are red giants

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:19-how-stars-die:t4:o1:1
# text = Both are red giants
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	giants	giant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Both | red giants |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both are white dwarfs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:19-how-stars-die:t4:o2:1
# text = Both are white dwarfs
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	dwarfs	dwarf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Both | white dwarfs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The first is a neutron star, the second a white dwarf

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:19-how-stars-die:t4:o3:1
# text = The first is a neutron star, the second a white dwarf
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	neutron	neutron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	conj	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	dwarf	dwarf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the first | a neutron star |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | a white dwarf |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The first is a white dwarf, the second a neutron star

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:19-how-stars-die:t4:o4:1
# text = The first is a white dwarf, the second a neutron star
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	dwarf	dwarf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	12	nsubj	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	neutron	neutron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the first | a white dwarf |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **star** |  | the second |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [How stars die, test 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/19-how-stars-die/t3/)
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