--- title: Ascertain the means by which the age of the Solar System has been de… — How the Solar System was born · tree and pragmatics description: Ascertain the means by which the age of the Solar System has been determined. Exam question 4 of lesson 2 «How the Solar System was born» of the space course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/2-how-the-solar-system-was-born/e4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Space](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/) / [How the Solar System was born](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/2-how-the-solar-system-was-born/) / e4 # Exam question 4 · How the Solar System was born Ascertain the means by which the age of the Solar System has been determined. **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, the · **What happens:** ascertain, mean, determine · **To what, where:** age · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is exam question 4 of lesson 2 «How the Solar System was born» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/space/2-how-the-solar-system-was-born/#e4). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:space:2-how-the-solar-system-was-born:e4:1 # text = Ascertain the means by which the age of the Solar System has been determined. 1 Ascertain ascertain VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 nsubj _ _ 3 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 ccomp _ _ 4 by by ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 14 obl _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 age age NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj:pass _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 10 Solar Solar PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 compound _ _ 11 System System PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 12 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 aux _ _ 13 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 14 aux:pass _ _ 14 determined determine VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 15 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **mean** | present | the | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **determine** | present · perfect · passive | | the age of the Solar System | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1} Radioactive dating of the oldest solid components of meteorites ```conllu # sent_id = question:space:2-how-the-solar-system-was-born:e4:o1:1 # text = Radioactive dating of the oldest solid components of meteorites 1 Radioactive radioactive ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 dating dating NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 5 oldest old ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 7 amod _ _ 6 solid solid ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 components component NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nmod _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 meteorites meteorite NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **date** | | | the oldest solid components of meteorites | | | | | nom dating «act transitive»: of=patient | | 2 | **compose** | | | meteorites | | | | | nom component «cognition transitive»: of=patient | ### Option 2 {#o2} Measurement of the present temperature of the Sun ```conllu # sent_id = question:space:2-how-the-solar-system-was-born:e4:o2:1 # text = Measurement of the present temperature of the Sun 1 Measurement measurement NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 2 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 present present ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 temperature temperature NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 Sun Sun PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **measure** | | | the present temperature of the Sun | | | | | nom measurement «act transitive»: of=patient | ### Option 3 {#o3} Enumeration of the craters upon the Earth's surface and the Moon's ```conllu # sent_id = question:space:2-how-the-solar-system-was-born:e4:o3:1 # text = Enumeration of the craters upon the Earth's surface and the Moon's 1 Enumeration enumeration NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 2 of of ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 craters crater NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 nmod _ _ 5 upon upon ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 Earth Earth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 8 's 's PART POS _ 7 case _ _ 9 surface surface NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 Moon Moon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 13 's 's PART POS _ 12 case _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **enumerate** | | | the craters upon the Earth's surface 's the Moon | | | | | nom enumeration «communication transitive»: of=patient | ### Option 4 {#o4} Calculation from the number of known planets ```conllu # sent_id = question:space:2-how-the-solar-system-was-born:e4:o4:1 # text = Calculation from the number of known planets 1 Calculation calculation NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 2 from from ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 number number NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 known know VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 amod _ _ 7 planets planet NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **know** | participle | | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [How the Solar System was born, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/2-how-the-solar-system-was-born/e3/) - next →: [Mercury, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/3-mercury/t1/) - ↑ back to [How the Solar System was born](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/2-how-the-solar-system-was-born/)