--- title: Ascertain the means by which observers in the southern hemisphere de… — The night sky in summer and autumn, an… · tree and pragmatics description: Ascertain the means by which observers in the southern hemisphere determine the direction of due south. Exam question 3 of lesson 21 «The night sky in summer and autumn, and the southern sky» of the space course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/21-the-night-sky-in-summer-and-autumn-and-the-southern-sky/e3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Space](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/) / [The night sky in summer and autumn, an…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/21-the-night-sky-in-summer-and-autumn-and-the-southern-sky/) / e3 # Exam question 3 · The night sky in summer and autumn, and the southern sky Ascertain the means by which observers in the southern hemisphere determine the direction of due south. **Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, the, observers · **What happens:** ascertain, mean, determine · **To what, where:** direction · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is exam question 3 of lesson 21 «The night sky in summer and autumn, and the southern sky» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/space/21-the-night-sky-in-summer-and-autumn-and-the-southern-sky/#e3). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:space:21-the-night-sky-in-summer-and-autumn-and-the-southern-sky:e3:1 # text = Ascertain the means by which observers in the southern hemisphere determine the direction of due south. 1 Ascertain ascertain VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 nsubj _ _ 3 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 ccomp _ _ 4 by by ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 11 obl _ _ 6 observers observer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 southern southern ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 hemisphere hemisphere NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 11 determine determine VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 ccomp _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 direction direction NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 14 of of ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 due due ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 south south NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 17 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **mean** | present | the | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **determine** | infinitive | observers in the southern hemisphere | the direction of due south | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent direction=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 {#o1} A bright star situated precisely at the south celestial pole ```conllu # sent_id = question:space:21-the-night-sky-in-summer-and-autumn-and-the-southern-sky:e3:o1:1 # text = A bright star situated precisely at the south celestial pole 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 bright bright ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 star star NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 4 situated situate VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 acl _ _ 5 precisely precisely ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 6 at at ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 8 south South ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 9 celestial celestial NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 10 pole pole NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **situate** | participle | | a bright star *not said here* | | the south celestial pole | | precisely *property* | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent at pole=Destination | ### Option 2 {#o2} The Summer Triangle and the planet Venus ```conllu # sent_id = question:space:21-the-night-sky-in-summer-and-autumn-and-the-southern-sky:e3:o2:1 # text = The Summer Triangle and the planet Venus 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 Summer Summer PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 Triangle Triangle PROPN NNP Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 planet planet NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 Venus Venus PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ### Option 3 {#o3} The Plough and the star Polaris ```conllu # sent_id = question:space:21-the-night-sky-in-summer-and-autumn-and-the-southern-sky:e3:o3:1 # text = The Plough and the star Polaris 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 Plough Plough PROPN NNP Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 star star NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 conj _ _ 6 Polaris Polaris PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 flat _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4} The long arm of the Southern Cross and the two Pointers ```conllu # sent_id = question:space:21-the-night-sky-in-summer-and-autumn-and-the-southern-sky:e3:o4:1 # text = The long arm of the Southern Cross and the two Pointers 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 arm arm NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 Southern Southern PROPN NNP _ 7 flat _ _ 7 Cross Cross PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 10 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 11 nummod _ _ 11 Pointers pointer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 conj _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [The night sky in summer and autumn, an…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/21-the-night-sky-in-summer-and-autumn-and-the-southern-sky/e2/) - next →: [The night sky in summer and autumn, an…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/21-the-night-sky-in-summer-and-autumn-and-the-southern-sky/e4/) - ↑ back to [The night sky in summer and autumn, and the southern sky](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/21-the-night-sky-in-summer-and-autumn-and-the-southern-sky/)