---
title: why don't galaxies fly apart if they spin so fast — Galaxies and the Big Bang · tree and pragmatics
description: why don't galaxies fly apart if they spin so fast Test 11 · ★ of lesson 24 «Galaxies and the Big Bang» of the space course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 11 · ★ · Galaxies and the Big Bang

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
why don't galaxies fly apart if they spin so fast

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** galaxies · **What happens:** not fly apart, spin

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 24 «Galaxies and the Big Bang» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/#t11).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang:t11:1
# text = why don't galaxies fly apart if they spin so fast
1	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	galaxies	galaxy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	apart	apart	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	spin	spin	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	9	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **fly apart** | present · do-support | galaxies |  |  |  |  | apart *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **spin** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | galaxies *= galaxy* |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Astronomers think dark matter's gravity holds them

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang:t11:o1:1
# text = Astronomers think dark matter's gravity holds them
1	Astronomers	astronomer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	think	think	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	gravity	gravity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | present | Astronomers |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **hold** | present | dark matter's gravity | Astronomers *= astronomer* |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are glued together by the light that shines between stars

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang:t11:o2:1
# text = They are glued together by the light that shines between stars
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	glued	glue	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	together	together	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	shines	shine	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	between	between	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **glue** | present · passive | the light | They |  |  |  | together *property* | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 2 | **shine** | present | the light |  |  | stars |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between star=Location |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They spin slowly really, much slower than it looks in photos

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang:t11:o3:1
# text = They spin slowly really, much slower than it looks in photos
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spin	spin	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	really	really	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	much	much	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	slower	slow	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	parataxis	_	_
8	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	photos	photo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spin** | present | They |  |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **look** | present | it |  |  |  |  | in photos | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in photo=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The black hole in the middle pulls every star in towards it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang:t11:o4:1
# text = The black hole in the middle pulls every star in towards it
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	pulls	pull	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull** | present | the black hole in the middle | every star |  | star |  |  | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent star=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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