---
title: Identify the phenomenon first detected by the LIGO instruments in 20… — Black holes · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the phenomenon first detected by the LIGO instruments in 2015. Exam question 3 of lesson 25 «Black holes» of the space course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 3 · Black holes

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the phenomenon first detected by the LIGO instruments in 2015.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, detect · **To what, where:** phenomenon

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 25 «Black holes» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/space/25-black-holes/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:25-black-holes:e3:1
# text = Identify the phenomenon first detected by the LIGO instruments in 2015.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	advmod	_	_
5	detected	detect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	LIGO	LIGO	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	instruments	instrument	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	2015	2015	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the phenomenon |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent phenomenon=Theme |
| 2 | **detect** | participle |  | the phenomenon *not said here* |  |  |  | by the LIGO instruments in 2015; first *property* | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The first image of a black hole's shadow

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:25-black-holes:e3:o1:1
# text = The first image of a black hole's shadow
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	_
3	image	image	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **image** |  |  | a black hole's shadow |  |  |  |  | nom image «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
| 2 | **shadow** |  | a black hole |  |  |  |  |  | nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Light emitted from inside a black hole

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:25-black-holes:e3:o2:1
# text = Light emitted from inside a black hole
1	Light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	emitted	emit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **emit** | participle |  | Light *not said here* |  | a black hole |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Radio signals from intelligent life

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:25-black-holes:e3:o3:1
# text = Radio signals from intelligent life
1	Radio	Radio	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	signals	signal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	intelligent	intelligent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gravitational waves from merging black holes

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:25-black-holes:e3:o4:1
# text = Gravitational waves from merging black holes
1	Gravitational	gravitational	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	merging	merge	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **merge** | gerund | Gravitational waves *not said here* | black holes |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Black holes, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/25-black-holes/e2/)
- next →: [Black holes, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/25-black-holes/e4/)
- ↑ back to [Black holes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/25-black-holes/)