---
title: Select the response that is consistent with the established facts co… — Black holes · tree and pragmatics
description: Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the means by which black holes are detected. Exam question 4 of lesson 25 «Black holes» of the space course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice
---

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# Exam question 4 · Black holes

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the means by which black holes are detected.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, response, established facts, the · **What happens:** select, be, establish, concern, mean, detect · **To what, where:** response, black holes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 25 «Black holes» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/space/25-black-holes/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:25-black-holes:e4:1
# text = Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the means by which black holes are detected.
1	Select	select	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	response	response	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	nsubj	_	_
13	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	ccomp	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	17	det	_	_
16	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	detected	detect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **select** | imperative | you *not said here* | the response |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | the response |  |  |  |  | with the established facts; consistent *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 4 | **concern** | gerund | the established facts *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **mean** | present | the |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 6 | **detect** | present · passive |  | which black holes |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By the sound they emit into space

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:25-black-holes:e4:o1:1
# text = By the sound they emit into space
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	emit	emit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **emit** | present | they |  |  | space |  | by the sound | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By direct observation of their black surface

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:25-black-holes:e4:o2:1
# text = By direct observation of their black surface
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	direct	direct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	observation	observation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** |  |  | their black surface |  |  |  |  | nom observation «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By their effects on nearby stars and gas

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:25-black-holes:e4:o3:1
# text = By their effects on nearby stars and gas
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	effects	effect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	nearby	nearby	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **effect** |  | their *= they* |  |  | nearby stars and gas |  |  | nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent on=place |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By the light they reflect from the Sun

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:25-black-holes:e4:o4:1
# text = By the light they reflect from the Sun
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	reflect	reflect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reflect** | present | they |  |  | the Sun |  | by the light | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Black holes, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/25-black-holes/e3/)
- next →: [Exoplanets and the search for life, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/26-exoplanets-and-the-search-for-life/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Black holes](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/25-black-holes/)