---
title: Select the response that is consistent with the established facts co… — How we know: measuring the sky · tree and pragmatics
description: Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the composition of stars as shown by Cecilia Payne in 1925. Exam question 4 of lesson 28 «How we know: measuring the sky» of the space course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question
---

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# Exam question 4 · How we know: measuring the sky

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the composition of stars as shown by Cecilia Payne in 1925.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, response, established facts · **What happens:** select, be, establish, concern, show · **To what, where:** response, composition, 1925

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 28 «How we know: measuring the sky» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky:e4:1
# text = Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the composition of stars as shown by Cecilia Payne in 1925.
1	Select	select	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	response	response	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	composition	composition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
16	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
17	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	Cecilia	Cecilia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	Payne	Payne	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	1925	1925	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **select** | imperative | you *not said here* | the response |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | the response |  |  |  |  | with the established facts; consistent *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 4 | **concern** | gerund | the established facts *not said here* | the composition of stars |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus composition=Experiencer |
| 5 | **show** | participle |  | the composition of stars *not said here* |  | 1925 |  | by Cecilia Payne | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stars consist mostly of hydrogen and helium

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky:e4:o1:1
# text = Stars consist mostly of hydrogen and helium
1	Stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	consist	consist	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	hydrogen	hydrogen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	helium	helium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consist** | present | Stars | hydrogen and helium |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stars consist mostly of iron and nickel

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky:e4:o2:1
# text = Stars consist mostly of iron and nickel
1	Stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	consist	consist	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	nickel	nickel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consist** | present | Stars | iron and nickel |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stars have the same composition as the Earth

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky:e4:o3:1
# text = Stars have the same composition as the Earth
1	Stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	composition	composition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Stars | the same composition |  |  |  | as the Earth | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent composition=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stars consist mostly of carbon and oxygen

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky:e4:o4:1
# text = Stars consist mostly of carbon and oxygen
1	Stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	consist	consist	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consist** | present | Stars | carbon and oxygen |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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