---
title: bro reckons nobody can know how far stars are, it's all made up. true? — How we know: measuring the sky · tree and pragmatics
description: bro reckons nobody can know how far stars are, it's all made up. true? Test 11 · ★★★ of lesson 28 «How we know: measuring the sky» of the space course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 11 · ★★★ · How we know: measuring the sky

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
bro reckons nobody can know how far stars are, it's all made up. true?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** bro, nobody, stars · **What happens:** reckon, know, be, make up · **To what, where:** bro · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 · ★★★ of lesson 28 «How we know: measuring the sky» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/#t11).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky:t11:1
# text = bro reckons nobody can know how far stars are, it's all made up. true?
1	bro	bro	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	reckons	reckon	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
7	far	far	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	ccomp	_	_
8	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
13	all	all	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	ccomp	_	_
15	up	up	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
17	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reckon** | present | bro |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **know** | can | nobody |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **is** | present | stars |  |  |  |  | far *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **make up** | present · passive |  | bro |  |  |  | all *property* | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Pivot |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, star distances are pure guesses

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky:t11:o1:1
# text = Yes, star distances are pure guesses
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	star	star	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	distances	distance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	pure	pure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	guesses	guess	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | star distances | pure guesses |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, nobody has ever tried

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky:t11:o2:1
# text = Yes, nobody has ever tried
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	6	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	6	advmod	_	_
6	tried	try	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | present · perfect | nobody |  |  |  | ever |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, parallax measures nearby stars directly, like Gaia did

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky:t11:o3:1
# text = No, parallax measures nearby stars directly, like Gaia did
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	parallax	parallax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	measures	measure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
5	nearby	nearby	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	directly	directly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Gaia	Gaia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
11	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | parallax measures like Gaia and nearby stars |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, astronauts have measured every one of them with long lasers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky:t11:o4:1
# text = No, astronauts have measured every one of them with long lasers
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	astronauts	astronaut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	measured	measure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nmod	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	lasers	laser	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **measure** | present · perfect | astronauts | every one of them |  |  |  | with long lasers | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme one=Value |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [How we know: measuring the sky, test 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/t10/)
- next →: [How we know: measuring the sky, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/e1/)
- ↑ back to [How we know: measuring the sky](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/)