---
title: Jayden says "Americans were the first people in space". What should… — The history of space exploration · tree and pragmatics
description: Jayden says "Americans were the first people in space". What should you tell him? Test 1 of lesson 29 «The history of space exploration» of the space course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 1 · The history of space exploration

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jayden says "Americans were the first people in space". What should you tell him?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Jayden, Americans, you · **What happens:** say, be, tell · **To what, where:** first people, space, Jayden · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 of lesson 29 «The history of space exploration» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/space/29-the-history-of-space-exploration/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Jayden says "Americans were the first people in space".

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:29-the-history-of-space-exploration:t1:1
# text = Jayden says "Americans were the first people in space".
1	Jayden	Jayden	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Americans	American	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	8	amod	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	ccomp	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Jayden |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | past | Americans | the first people |  | space |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What should you tell him?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:29-the-history-of-space-exploration:t1:2
# text = What should you tell him?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | should | you |  | Jayden |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient what=Topic |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, Yuri Gagarin of the Soviet Union was first, in 1961

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:29-the-history-of-space-exploration:t1:o1:1
# text = No, Yuri Gagarin of the Soviet Union was first, in 1961
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	Yuri	Yuri	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	Gagarin	Gagarin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Soviet	Soviet	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Union	Union	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	1961	1961	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	list	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Yuri Gagarin of the Soviet Union *not said here* |  |  |  |  | first *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, Neil Armstrong was the first, in 1961, before Gagarin

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:29-the-history-of-space-exploration:t1:o2:1
# text = Yes, Neil Armstrong was the first, in 1961, before Gagarin
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	Neil	Neil	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	Armstrong	Armstrong	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	1961	1961	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	before	before	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Gagarin	Gagarin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Neil Armstrong |  |  | 1961 | before Gagarin | first *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, the Shuttle went first in 1957

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:29-the-history-of-space-exploration:t1:o3:1
# text = Yes, the Shuttle went first in 1957
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Shuttle	shuttle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	advmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	1957	1957	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the Shuttle |  |  | 1957 |  | first *property* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in 1957=Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, a Briton was first, in 1991

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:29-the-history-of-space-exploration:t1:o4:1
# text = No, a Briton was first, in 1991
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	9	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Briton	Briton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
6	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	1991	1991	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | a Briton |  |  | 1991 |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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