---
title: ★★★ Ruby from Cardiff, tamping: "Mercury's closest to the Sun so it'… — Olympiad: planet puzzles ★★★ · tree and pragmatics
description: ★★★ Ruby from Cardiff, tamping: "Mercury's closest to the Sun so it's deffo the hottest, end of." What is the truth? Test 1 · ★★★ of lesson 31 «Olympiad: planet puzzles ★★★» of the space course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova
---

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# Test 1 · ★★★ · Olympiad: planet puzzles ★★★

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
★★★ Ruby from Cardiff, tamping: "Mercury's closest to the Sun so it's deffo the hottest, end of." What is the truth?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Sun, truth · **What happens:** tamp, be

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This is test 1 · ★★★ of lesson 31 «Olympiad: planet puzzles ★★★» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/space/31-olympiad-planet-puzzles/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* ★★★ Ruby from Cardiff, tamping: "Mercury's closest to the Sun so it's deffo the hottest, end of."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:31-olympiad-planet-puzzles:t1:1
# text = ★★★ Ruby from Cardiff, tamping: "Mercury's closest to the Sun so it's deffo the hottest, end of."
1	★	★	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	★	★	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	1	dep	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	★	★	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
4	Ruby	Ruby	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Cardiff	Cardiff	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	tamping	tamp	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Mercury	Mercury	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	parataxis	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	so	so	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
20	deffo	deffo	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	hottest	hot	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	13	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tamp** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Sun |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is the truth?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:31-olympiad-planet-puzzles:t1:2
# text = What is the truth?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the truth |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Earth is hotter, it has the most air

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:31-olympiad-planet-puzzles:t1:o1:1
# text = The Earth is hotter, it has the most air
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	hotter	hot	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	10	advmod	_	_
10	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the Earth |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | Earth | the air |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mars is hotter, which is why it looks red

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:31-olympiad-planet-puzzles:t1:o2:1
# text = Mars is hotter, which is why it looks red
1	Mars	Mars	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	hotter	hot	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	conj	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
10	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Mars |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | why *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **look** | present | it |  |  |  |  | red *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Venus is hotter: its thick air traps the heat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:31-olympiad-planet-puzzles:t1:o3:1
# text = Venus is hotter: its thick air traps the heat
1	Venus	Venus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	hotter	hot	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	traps	trap	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Venus |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **trap** | present | its thick air | the heat |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is right: the closest is always hottest

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:31-olympiad-planet-puzzles:t1:o4:1
# text = She is right: the closest is always hottest
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	parataxis	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	9	advmod	_	_
9	hottest	hot	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | She |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | always, hot *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [What comes next: the Moon, Mars and be…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/30-what-comes-next-the-moon-mars-and-beyond/e4/)
- next →: [Olympiad: planet puzzles ★★★, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/31-olympiad-planet-puzzles/t2/)
- ↑ back to [Olympiad: planet puzzles ★★★](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/31-olympiad-planet-puzzles/)