---
title: why's Venus hotter than Mercury when Mercury's way closer?? — Venus · tree and pragmatics
description: why's Venus hotter than Mercury when Mercury's way closer?? Test 1 · ★ of lesson 4 «Venus» of the space course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/4-venus/t1/)

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# Test 1 · ★ · Venus

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
why's Venus hotter than Mercury when Mercury's way closer??

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Venus · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** way

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 4 «Venus» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/space/4-venus/#t1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:4-venus:t1:1
# text = why's Venus hotter than Mercury when Mercury's way closer??
1	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	Venus	Venus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	hotter	hot	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Mercury	Mercury	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
8	Mercury	Mercury	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl:unmarked	_	_
11	closer	close	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	??	??	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Venus |  |  |  |  | than Mercury; hot *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Venus *not said here* | Mercury's way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Venus is actually closer to the Sun

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:4-venus:t1:o1:1
# text = Venus is actually closer to the Sun
1	Venus	Venus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	actually	actually	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	closer	close	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Venus |  |  |  |  | to the Sun; actually, close *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Venus's thick carbon dioxide air traps the heat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:4-venus:t1:o2:1
# text = Venus's thick carbon dioxide air traps the heat
1	Venus	Venus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
4	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	traps	trap	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trap** | present | Venus's thick dioxide air | the heat |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Venus has volcanoes on fire all the time

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:4-venus:t1:o3:1
# text = Venus has volcanoes on fire all the time
1	Venus	Venus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	8	det:predet	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Venus | volcanoes |  | fire | time |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent volcano=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Venus has a hotter core

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:4-venus:t1:o4:1
# text = Venus has a hotter core
1	Venus	Venus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	hotter	hot	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	core	core	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Venus | a hotter core |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent core=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Mercury, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/3-mercury/e4/)
- next →: [Venus, test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/4-venus/t2/)
- ↑ back to [Venus](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/4-venus/)