---
title: Why does Venus have fairly few craters? — Venus · tree and pragmatics
description: Why does Venus have fairly few craters? Test 9 · ★ of lesson 4 «Venus» of the space course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 9 · ★ · Venus

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why does Venus have fairly few craters?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Venus · **What happens:** have · **To what, where:** few craters

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 4 «Venus» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/space/4-venus/#t9).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:4-venus:t9:1
# text = Why does Venus have fairly few craters?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	Venus	Venus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	fairly	fairly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	craters	crater	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present · do-support | Venus | few craters |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crater=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its surface is fairly young, renewed perhaps by lava

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:4-venus:t9:o1:1
# text = Its surface is fairly young, renewed perhaps by lava
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	fairly	fairly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	renewed	renew	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
8	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Its surface |  |  |  |  | fairly, young *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **renew** | participle | Its surface *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by lava; perhaps *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its moons catch all the rocks

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:4-venus:t9:o2:1
# text = Its moons catch all the rocks
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	moons	moon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	catch	catch	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **catch** | present | Its moons | all rocks |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rock=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nothing ever hits Venus

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:4-venus:t9:o3:1
# text = Nothing ever hits Venus
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	3	nsubj	_	_
2	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	3	advmod	_	_
3	hits	hit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Venus	Venus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hit** | present | Nothing | Venus |  |  | ever |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme venus=Co-Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its acid clouds melt all the craters

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:4-venus:t9:o4:1
# text = Its acid clouds melt all the craters
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	acid	acid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	melt	melt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	7	det:predet	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	craters	crater	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **melt** | present | Its acid clouds | all craters |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient crater=Result |
| 2 | **cloud** |  | Its *= it* |  |  |  |  |  | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Venus, test 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/4-venus/t8/)
- next →: [Venus, test 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/4-venus/t10/)
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