---
title: Identify the cause of the phases of the Moon. — Phases, eclipses and tides · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the cause of the phases of the Moon. Exam question 1 of lesson 7 «Phases, eclipses and tides» of the space course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Phases, eclipses and tides

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the cause of the phases of the Moon.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, cause · **To what, where:** cause, phases

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 7 «Phases, eclipses and tides» of the space course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/space/7-phases-eclipses-and-tides/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:7-phases-eclipses-and-tides:e1:1
# text = Identify the cause of the phases of the Moon.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	phases	phase	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the cause of the phases of the Moon |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent cause=Theme |
| 2 | **cause** |  |  | the phases of the Moon |  |  |  |  | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The varying proportion of the sunlit hemisphere visible from the Earth

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:7-phases-eclipses-and-tides:e1:o1:1
# text = The varying proportion of the sunlit hemisphere visible from the Earth
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	varying	vary	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	proportion	proportion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	sunlit	sunlit	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	hemisphere	hemisphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	visible	visible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **vary** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The progressive encroachment of the Earth's shadow

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:7-phases-eclipses-and-tides:e1:o2:1
# text = The progressive encroachment of the Earth's shadow
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	progressive	progressive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	encroachment	encroachment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encroach** |  | the Earth's shadow |  |  |  |  |  | nom encroachment «event intransitive»: of=agent |
| 2 | **shadow** |  | the Earth |  |  |  |  |  | nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The periodic obscuration of the Moon by clouds

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:7-phases-eclipses-and-tides:e1:o3:1
# text = The periodic obscuration of the Moon by clouds
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	periodic	periodic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	obscuration	obscuration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The variation in the light emitted by the Moon

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:7-phases-eclipses-and-tides:e1:o4:1
# text = The variation in the light emitted by the Moon
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	variation	variation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	emitted	emit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **emit** | participle |  | the variation in the light *not said here* |  |  |  | by the Moon | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Phases, eclipses and tides, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/7-phases-eclipses-and-tides/t12/)
- next →: [Phases, eclipses and tides, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/7-phases-eclipses-and-tides/e2/)
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