---
title: Why is Mars much colder than the Earth? — Mars · tree and pragmatics
description: Why is Mars much colder than the Earth? Test 11 · ★ of lesson 8 «Mars» of the space course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 11 · ★ · Mars

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why is Mars much colder than the Earth?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Mars · **What happens:** be

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 8 «Mars» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/space/8-mars/#t11).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:8-mars:t11:1
# text = Why is Mars much colder than the Earth?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	Mars	Mars	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	much	much	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	colder	cold	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Mars |  |  |  |  | than the Earth; cold *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It spins backwards

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:8-mars:t11:o1:1
# text = It spins backwards
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spins	spin	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	backwards	backwards	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spin** | present | It |  |  |  |  | backwards *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its ice caps freeze the whole planet daily

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:8-mars:t11:o2:1
# text = Its ice caps freeze the whole planet daily
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	caps	cap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	freeze	freeze	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	planet	planet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	daily	daily	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freeze** | present | Its ice caps | the whole planet |  |  |  | daily *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient planet=Result |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is further from the Sun and its thin air holds little heat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:8-mars:t11:o3:1
# text = It is further from the Sun and its thin air holds little heat
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	further	further	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
12	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  | the Sun |  | further *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold** | present | Sun's thin air | little heat |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It has no Sun shining on it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:space:8-mars:t11:o4:1
# text = It has no Sun shining on it
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	shining	shine	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | It | no Sun |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **shine** | gerund | no Sun *not said here* |  |  | Sun |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on it=Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Mars, test 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/8-mars/t10/)
- next →: [Mars, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/space/8-mars/e1/)
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