---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Car safety: brakes, seat belts and air… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the operation of anti-lock braking systems? Exam question 3 of lesson 18 «Car safety: brakes, seat belts and airbags» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each
---

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# Exam question 3 · Car safety: brakes, seat belts and airbags

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the operation of anti-lock braking systems?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** anti-lock · **What happens:** follow, characteris, brake, operate · **To what, where:** operation, systems, anti-lock

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 18 «Car safety: brakes, seat belts and airbags» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/technology/18-car-safety/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:18-car-safety:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the operation of anti-lock braking systems?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	operation	operation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	anti-lock	anti-lock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	braking	brake	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
14	systems	system	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the operation of anti-lock |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **brake** | gerund | anti-lock *not said here* | systems |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **operate** |  |  | anti-lock |  |  |  |  | nom operation «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The brakes are released and reapplied many times per second to retain steering

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:18-car-safety:e3:o1:1
# text = The brakes are released and reapplied many times per second to retain steering
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	brakes	brake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	released	release	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	reapplied	reapply	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	per	per	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	second	second	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	retain	retain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
13	steering	steering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **release** | present · passive |  | the brakes |  |  |  |  | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Source |
| 2 | **reapply** | past |  |  |  |  | time |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **retain** | to-infinitive |  | steering |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The engine is reversed to arrest the vehicle

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:18-car-safety:e3:o2:1
# text = The engine is reversed to arrest the vehicle
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	reversed	reverse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	arrest	arrest	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reverse** | present · passive |  | the engine |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **arrest** | to-infinitive |  | the vehicle |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vehicle=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The brakes are disabled upon wet surfaces

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:18-car-safety:e3:o3:1
# text = The brakes are disabled upon wet surfaces
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	brakes	brake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	disabled	disable	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	surfaces	surface	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **disable** | present · passive |  | the brakes |  |  |  | upon wet surfaces | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wheels are locked so as to shorten all stopping distances

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:18-car-safety:e3:o4:1
# text = The wheels are locked so as to shorten all stopping distances
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wheels	wheel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	locked	lock	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	shorten	shorten	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
9	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
10	stopping	stopping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	distances	distance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lock** | present · passive |  | the wheels |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **shorten** | to-infinitive |  | all stopping distances |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent distance=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Car safety: brakes, seat belts and air…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/18-car-safety/e2/)
- next →: [Car safety: brakes, seat belts and air…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/18-car-safety/e4/)
- ↑ back to [Car safety: brakes, seat belts and airbags](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/18-car-safety/)